Reconfigurable antenna with frequency and beam switching using transformer oil and PIN-diode for microwave applications

Mabrouk, Ahmed M.; Ibrahim, Ahmed A.; Hamed, Hesham F. A.

doi:10.1016/j.aej.2021.06.099

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Most recently, multi-band antennas with reconfigurable capabilities are being used in advanced microwave components as a result of the rapid expansion of wireless communication systems [16][17][18][19][20]. Switching to the required band helps in the use of a single antenna for multiple technologies, which minimizes the cost of the system and also ensures compactness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Electronically Reconfigurable Highly Selective Stop-Band Ultra-Wideband Antenna Applying Electromagnetic Bandgaps and Positive-Intrinsic-Negative Diodes

Abbas,

Hussain,

Sufian

et al. 2024

Micromachines

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In this article, an ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna featuring two reconfigurable quasi-perfect stop bands at WLAN (5.25–5.75 GHz) and lower 5G (3.4–3.8 GHz) utilizing electromagnetic bandgaps (EBGs) and positive-intrinsic-negative (P-I-N) diodes is proposed. A pair of EBG structures are applied to generate sharp notch bands in the targeted frequency spectrum. Each EBG creates a traditional notch, while two regular notches are combined to make a quasi-perfect, sharp, notch band. Four P-I-N diodes are engraved into the EBG structures to enable notch band reconfigurability. By switching the operational condition of the four diodes, the UWB antenna can dynamically adjust its notching characteristics to enhance its adaptability to various communication standards and applications. The antenna can be reconfigured as a UWB (3–11.6 GHz) without any notch band, a UWB with a single sharp notch (either at WLAN or 5G), or a UWB with two quasi-perfect notch bands. Moreover, the antenna’s notch bands can also be switched from a traditional notch to a quasi-perfect notch and vice versa. To confirm the validity of the simulated outcomes, the proposed reconfigurable UWB antenna is fabricated and measured. The experimental findings are aligned closely with simulation results, and the antenna offers notch band reconfigurability. The antenna shows a consistently favorable radiation pattern and gain. The dimension of the presented antenna is 20 × 27 × 1.52 mm3 (0.45 λc × 0.33 λc × 0.025 λc, where λc is the wavelength in free space).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Electronically Reconfigurable Highly Selective Stop-Band Ultra-Wideband Antenna Applying Electromagnetic Bandgaps and Positive-Intrinsic-Negative Diodes

Abbas,

Hussain,

Sufian

et al. 2024

Micromachines

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show abstract

“…For large-angle beam scanning, slanted beams are produced by combining the TM11 and TM20 modes of the circular and annular patches O with various phase differences. Various antennas appropriate for microwave applications have been constructed and examined in [12]. There, a four-directional beam antenna with a maximum gain of 6.92 dBi operating at 5.07 GHz, a bandwidth of 0.3 GHz from 4.89 GHz to 5.18 GHz, and four center-fed PEC arms are investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Pattern Reconfigurable Arch-Shaped Dual-Band Antenna for Wi-Fi and WLAN Applications

Salah,

Atallah,

Abdelaziz

et al. 2024

AEM

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This paper describes the design and analysis of a reconfigurable radiation pattern dual-band antenna for Wi-Fi and WLAN applications. The antenna patch comprises two parts: the upper part, which consists of three symmetrical oval rings, and the lower part, which is shaped like a lotus flower. By controlling the ON and OFF states of lumped p-i-n switches to control the direction of the radiation beams, the proposed pattern reconfigurable antenna achieves three reconfigurable states. The beam's direction change is performed by two switches that are connected in the gap between the feedline and the arch. The proposed antenna operates at 2.4 and 5.5 GHz, covering the bands from 2.1882 to 2.55 GHz and from 5.31 to 5.96 GHz, respectively. Additionally, the directivity over the working bands is about 1.92 to 4 dBi while the gain lies in the range of 1.66 to 3.5 dB. Moreover, the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) varies from 1 to 1.20. The size of the antenna is 47×59.5 mm2 which is printed on a 1.6 mm thickness FR-4 substrate of 4.4 relative permittivity. Computer simulation technology Microwave Studio is used to design and study the recommended constructions. The proposed design achieves an acceptable value of VSWR, stable gain, and good directivity, which makes it a suitable choice for future radiation pattern reconfiguration applications. The proposed antenna is distinguished by a simple shape, compact size, respectable return loss, good radiation characteristics, and high efficiency. The obtained results from measurements are quite close to the simulations.

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“…PIN diode boasts rapid dynamic reconfigurability, featuring impressive switching times ranging from 1 to 100 nanoseconds. This performance surpasses MEMS switches, which typically exhibit switching times from 1 to 200 microseconds [11]. Similarly, MEMS switching elements require high control voltage and have limited lifecycles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional analysis in the body environment for a circularly polarized hybrid reconfigurable textile antenna

Sandeep,

Madhav,

Salma

et al. 2023

Phys. Scr.

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This paper presents the functional analysis of a hybrid reconfigurable circularly polarized (CP) textile antenna in different on-body environments. The Tai-Chi sign inspires the current textile antenna design, where the primary radiator and ground elements are sickle-shaped structures. Hybrid reconfigurability was achieved by successfully operating two RF PIN-Diodes in the basal ground plane's elliptical and rectangular structures. Thus, four switching states are attained by operating the textenna at 3.5, 4.5 and 5.4 GHz in the S1. 4.39 and 5.8 GHz in S2, 5 and 5.9 GHz in S3 and 2.4, 4.3, 5.8, and 9.4 GHz in S4 state. The reconfigurable textenna was devised to function on the human body. Its functional behavior in proximity to the human body was rigorously validated through testing involving bending at various vertical and horizontal angles. Additionally, a Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) analysis was conducted using a three-layered human phantom. The results revealed that the maximum SAR value is below 1.6 W/Kg for 1 gram of tissue and 2 W/kg for 10 grams of tissue. These findings establish the safe operational parameters for the proposed model. The developed antenna functionalities were also tested in other circumstances like body sweating environment and interaction with body fluids (Blood, Plasma, SBF and DMEM). In these body fluid conditions, a peak gain of 4.88 dBi at S1, 6.97 dBi at S2, 7.99 dBi at S3, and 4.13 dBi at S4, was observed while interacting with Plasma, and the measured efficiency in the above configuration is between 77-79%. The textenna durability analysis was measured using an electrochemical workstation while interacting with different body fluids. All these results confessed the applicability of the developed antennas for on-body wireless communication applications in different on-body conditions.

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Reconfigurable antenna with frequency and beam switching using transformer oil and PIN-diode for microwave applications

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

An Electronically Reconfigurable Highly Selective Stop-Band Ultra-Wideband Antenna Applying Electromagnetic Bandgaps and Positive-Intrinsic-Negative Diodes

An Electronically Reconfigurable Highly Selective Stop-Band Ultra-Wideband Antenna Applying Electromagnetic Bandgaps and Positive-Intrinsic-Negative Diodes

Radiation Pattern Reconfigurable Arch-Shaped Dual-Band Antenna for Wi-Fi and WLAN Applications

Functional analysis in the body environment for a circularly polarized hybrid reconfigurable textile antenna

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