The design, fabrication, and measurement of reconfigurable antenna using photodiode switches have been investigated. The
IntroductionAntenna is a basic component in communication system. It is very important and needed in communication system, specifically wireless communication system which has been running remarkably and dynamic. It causes the increase demand of antennas. Communication system which is generally complex needs antennas which have advance capabilities and good performances. So, many researchers have conducted experiments attempting to improve capabilities and performances of antenna in order to meet the need of communication system which grows continuously.One type of antenna which is able to accommodate the change of communication system necessity is reconfigurable antenna [1]. Such an antenna is able to adjust with the necessity of the communication system. In some ways it can convert operating frequency, radiation pattern, impedance, bandwidth via shorting/reactive loading to require resonant mode switching, by moving part (mechanical reconfiguration), optical switching, electronic switching, and feed network switching. Due to the fact that reconfigurable antenna adjustable, this antenna can eliminate the need of multiple antenna for communication systems.An innovative approach to the synthesis of phase-only reconfigurable, isophoric linear sparse arrays has been investigated in previous research [2]. The result shows the abilility to commute their pattern within an arbitrary number of radiation modalities which leads to an effective procedure for the fast antennas design with high performance. In other research, presenting at [3][4][5], mentioned that reconfigurable antenna were fabricated on high-resistivity silicon and equipped with two silicons as material switches. Then the laser was used to control the photoconductive switching material. The technique is conducted to prove that changes of effective length of antenna, it can change antenna resonance frequency. However, using silicon as photoconductive switches will require complicated technique during it insertion process on antenna substrate and silicon has high cost. Other techniques, is done previously by Kiriazi et al. in [6]. In this work, open and short of RF-MEMS switches were assembled on antenna which has a high-resistivity silicon substrate. In [7], varactor diode is used as switches. The other switching elements which are PIN diodes [8][9][10][11][12][13], an air gap [14][15], solar cell [16], and photodiode [17] have also been used at previous research. Therefore, in this paper we introduce a new optical switches geometry and technique of reconfigurable antennas by using photodiode as optical switching.