Reconfigurable Printed Liquids

Abstract

Liquids lack the spatial order required for advanced functionality. Interfacial assemblies of colloids, however, can be used to shape liquids into complex, 3D objects, simultaneously forming 2D layers with novel magnetic, plasmonic, or structural properties. Fully exploiting all-liquid systems that are structured by their interfaces would create a new class of biomimetic, reconfigurable, and responsive materials. Here, printed constructs of water in oil are presented. Both form and function are given to the system by the assembly and jamming of nanoparticle surfactants, formed from the interfacial interaction of nanoparticles and amphiphilic polymers that bear complementary functional groups. These yield dissipative constructs that exhibit a compartmentalized response to chemical cues. Potential applications include biphasic reaction vessels, liquid electronics, novel media for the encapsulation of cells and active matter, and dynamic constructs that both alter, and are altered by, their external environment.

Advanced Polymer Designs for Direct‐Ink‐Write 3D Printing

“…Different from gel‐in‐gel or gel‐in‐solution DIW, Russell et al. developed a unique liquid‐in‐liquid 3D printing method by chemical control of the liquid/liquid interface (Figure c) . This method is based on their discovery that non‐spherical fluid drops could be obtained by stabilizing the liquid/liquid interface through interfacial jamming of nanoparticles .…”

“…Different from gel-in-gel or gel-in-solution DIW,R ussell et al developed au nique liquid-in-liquid 3D printing methodb y chemicalc ontrol of the liquid/liquid interface (Figure 8c). [111] This methodi sb ased on their discovery that non-spherical fluid drops could be obtained by stabilizing the liquid/liquid interface through interfacial jamming of nanoparticles. [112] When an aqueous solution of carboxylic acid-functionalized nanoparticles was extruded into am ono-aminopropyl-poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PMDS-NH 2 )-containing silicone oil bath, [111] the negativelyc harged carboxylic acid-functionalized nanoparticles bind the PMDS-NH 2 at the oil/water interface, forming elastic assemblies of nanoparticle surfactants (NPSs) that stabilized the extruded filament shape.…”

Interfacial Activity of Amine‐Functionalized Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS): A Simple Strategy To Structure Liquids

“…[2,[22][23][24][25][26] Here,u nlike in colloidosomes, [1,27] colloidal capsules, [28][29][30] or Pickering emulsions, [31][32][33][34] which are stabilized with micronsized particles (Scheme 1a), functionalized nanoparticles dispersed in an aqueous phase interact with end-functionalized oligomeric ligands dissolved in an oil phase at the interface to form nanoparticle surfactants (NP-surfactants; Scheme 1b), where the number of ligands anchored to the NPs is self-regulated to minimize the energy holding each NPsurfactant at the interface. [2,[22][23][24][25][26] Here,u nlike in colloidosomes, [1,27] colloidal capsules, [28][29][30] or Pickering emulsions, [31][32][33][34] which are stabilized with micronsized particles (Scheme 1a), functionalized nanoparticles dispersed in an aqueous phase interact with end-functionalized oligomeric ligands dissolved in an oil phase at the interface to form nanoparticle surfactants (NP-surfactants; Scheme 1b), where the number of ligands anchored to the NPs is self-regulated to minimize the energy holding each NPsurfactant at the interface.…”

Freeform, Reconfigurable Embedded Printing of All‐Aqueous 3D Architectures

“…[1,2,7,8,12,15,16,[23][24][25][26][27] The surrounding matrices that help to support the printed arbitrary 3D architectures include viscous oils, elastomers, self-healing hydrogels, and granular gel suspensions. For instance, aqueous architectures suspended in oils can be stabilized by the jamming of interfacial nanoparticles; [3,[28][29][30] but their functionality remains to be explored. For instance, aqueous architectures suspended in oils can be stabilized by the jamming of interfacial nanoparticles; [3,[28][29][30] but their functionality remains to be explored.…”