Reconfigurable Sum and Difference Beams Based on a Binary Programmable Metasurface

Wan, Xiang; Xiao, Qiang; Zhang, Ying Zhe; Li, Yueheng; Eisenbeis, Joerg; Wang, Jia‐Wei; Huang, Zi Ai; Liu, Han Xiao; Zwick, Thomas; Cui, Tie Jun

doi:10.1109/lawp.2021.3050808

Cited by 78 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Details of synthesizing aperture codes of the DPM from specified radiation patterns can be found in a previous work. [ 12 ] Figure gives an example to produce dual beams by the DPM. Figure 3a is the synthesized aperture code, in which the yellow and blue patches represent the elements that are switched “on” and “off,” respectively.…”

Section: Design Of Reflective Dpmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Digital programmable metasurfaces (DPMs), being consisted of massive digital meta-unit structures, can modulate electromagnetic (EM) waves in space, time, and frequency domains, and hence have been explored in many areas such as dynamic beam forming, [8][9][10][11][12][13] active polarization regulation, [14][15][16] active holographic imaging, [17] intelligent sensing, [18,19] and space-time modulations. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] These researches have shown great potentials of DPMs in radar and wireless communication systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High‐Precision Direction‐of‐Arrival Estimations Using Digital Programmable Metasurface

Wang

Huang

Xiao

et al. 2021

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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Commonly, phased array antennas are used to provide spatial resolution for direction of arrival (DOA) estimations. However, the phase‐array‐based DOA estimations usually require complicated system architecture and signal processing. Digital programmable metasurfaces (DPMs) can realize flexible spatial modulations of electromagnetic (EM) waves without using massive transceivers, and hence can be used for DOA estimations with much simplified architectures. Here, a mechanism of DPM‐based DOA estimations at Ka band is proposed. A reflective DPM is designed to produce a series of dual beams in random, so as to establish a sensing matrix and sample the incident wave. Orthogonal matched pursuit algorithm is used to estimate DOA from the sparsely sampled datasets. The performances of the DPM‐based DOA estimations are demonstrated by simulations and experiments for the cases of single source and double sources. This work promotes the development of DPMs and is expected to find important applications in radar and wireless communication systems, as well as the joint radar and communication systems.

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Section: Design Of Reflective Dpmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Precision Direction‐of‐Arrival Estimations Using Digital Programmable Metasurface

Wang

Huang

Xiao

et al. 2021

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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“…Reference [25] proposed 400 elements reconfigurable transmitarray, which can achieve 60°beam scanning at 29 GHz. Reference [26] proposed to synthesize sum and difference beams based on a reconfigurable metasurface at Ka‐band. Reference [27] presented a dual‐band fully reconfigurable circularly polarized reflectarray antenna for satellite communication applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 1‐bit reconfigurable metasurface antenna for ground penetrating radar application

Wang

Zeng

Zhao

et al. 2022

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

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A 1‐bit reconfigurable metasurface antenna for Ground penetrating radar (GPR) application is proposed. The element is loaded with one PIN diode, which can be electronically controlled to generate two states with 200° reflection phase difference at 2.0 GHz. The two states are regarded as “1” and “0.” Based on the proposed element, a 10 × 10 reconfigurable metasurface is designed. Besides, a digital control board is used to control the state of element. A reconfigurable metasurface antenna is simulated and fabricated. The simulated and experimented results indicate that the proposed antenna can achieve ±40° beam scanning with a gain tolerance of 3 dB and the maximum gain of 16.7 dBi. In addition, the beam‐forming performance can be achieved, such as multibeam. These properties ensure the proposed antenna has great potential in GPR and microwave imaging systems.

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“…Nevertheless, in practice, the number of IRS phase shift elements deployed in future wireless systems is expected to be large. On the one hand, since the phase shifters are usually sub-wavelength elements, a typical rectangular IRS naturally consists of hundreds of elements due to its highly integrated architecture [14]- [16]. For instance, the authors in [15] designed and manufactured a 80 cm ˆ30 cm experimental IRS system comprising 1,100 phase shift elements, while an 1 m ˆ1 m large IRS prototype composed of 10,000 phase shift elements was demonstrated in [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the one hand, since the phase shifters are usually sub-wavelength elements, a typical rectangular IRS naturally consists of hundreds of elements due to its highly integrated architecture [14]- [16]. For instance, the authors in [15] designed and manufactured a 80 cm ˆ30 cm experimental IRS system comprising 1,100 phase shift elements, while an 1 m ˆ1 m large IRS prototype composed of 10,000 phase shift elements was demonstrated in [16]. On the other hand, even in free space propagation environments, the equivalent path loss of the BS-IRS-receiver link is in general much larger than that of the unobstructed direct link due to the double-path loss effect [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Resource Allocation Design for Large IRS-Assisted SWIPT Systems: A Scalable Optimization Framework

Xü¹,

Jamali²,

Yu³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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In this paper, we study the optimal resource allocation algorithm design for large intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) systems. To facilitate efficient system design for large IRSs, instead of jointly optimizing all the IRS elements, we partition the IRS into several tiles and employ a scalable optimization framework comprising an offline design stage and an online optimization stage. In the offline stage, the IRS elements of each tile are jointly designed to support a set of different phase shift configurations, referred to as transmission modes, while the best transmission mode is selected from the set for each tile in the online stage. Given a transmission mode set, we aim to minimize the total base station (BS) transmit power by jointly optimizing the beamforming and the transmission mode selection policy taking into account the quality-ofservice requirements of information decoding and non-linear energy harvesting receivers, respectively. Although the resource allocation algorithm design is formulated as a non-convex combinatorial optimization problem, we solve it optimally by applying the branch-and-bound (BnB) approach which entails a high computational complexity. To strike a balance between optimality and computational complexity, we also develop an efficient suboptimal algorithm capitalizing on the penalty method and successive convex approximation. Our simulation results show that the proposed designs enable considerable power savings compared to several baseline schemes. Moreover, our results reveal that by properly adjusting the numbers of tiles and transmission modes, the proposed scalable optimization framework indeed facilitates online design for large IRSs. Besides, our results confirm that the advocated physicsbased model and scalable optimization framework enable a flexible trade-off between performance and complexity, which is vital for realizing the performance gains promised by large IRS-assisted communication systems in practice.

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Reconfigurable Sum and Difference Beams Based on a Binary Programmable Metasurface

Cited by 78 publications

References 19 publications

High‐Precision Direction‐of‐Arrival Estimations Using Digital Programmable Metasurface

High‐Precision Direction‐of‐Arrival Estimations Using Digital Programmable Metasurface

A 1‐bit reconfigurable metasurface antenna for ground penetrating radar application

Optimal Resource Allocation Design for Large IRS-Assisted SWIPT Systems: A Scalable Optimization Framework

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