Reconnaissance d'une culture régionale : la Bretagne depuis la Révolution

Abstract

Résumé Apparu à la fin du xviii e siècle, l’intérêt des élites pour une culture populaire de tradition orale prend une tournure plus revendicative dans les années 1830, qui culmine en 1839 avec la parution du Barzaz-Breiz de La Villemarqué. La controverse qui entoure l’ouvrage, au milieu des années 1860, aboutit à la définition d’une méthodologie plus rigoureuse de traitement des documents oraux et à une réflexion sur la nature même d’une culture populaire. Puis, néo-druidisme, régionalisme et nationalisme de la première moitié du xx e siècle n’auront qu’une audience limitée. Enfin, on assiste au spectaculaire renouveau des années soixante-dix, qui conduit aujourd’hui à un réel engouement pour une culture désormais reconnue et partagée par un grand nombre, toutes générations confondues.

‘Small Worlds’ as Predictors of General Political Attitudes

“…By comparison, there is very little in the French, Spanish or Italian-language research on multiple political cultures of any sort, though some qualitative studies exist(Trigilia, 1981;Postic et al, 2003;Padis, 2004). 2 This pattern is similar to that found in Germany, Spain and the UK, in that different regions exhibit different levels of regional attachment.…”

Why Scottish and Welsh Speakers Will Miss European Structural Funds

“…Some exceptions exist for some regions such as Corsica, which has its own regional assembly. Even though Brittany does not benefit from exceptions, Bretons are considered as having a strong regional identity (Postic et al, 2003). This identity has historical origins as Brittany was an independent Duchy until 1532 (Queniart, 2011).…”

“…This identity has historical origins as Brittany was an independent Duchy until 1532 (Queniart, 2011). From 1532 to the end of the 19 th century, Breton was the most used language in this Celtic peninsula and the French tongue was spoken only by the local elites, militaries, and used by the royal administration (Postic et al, 2003). After the proclamation of the Third Republic in 1871, the French republicans led a violent language policy aiming at eradicating the use of regional languages considered as obstacles to the republican uniformization of the nation (Cortier & Puren, 2008;Le Marec, 2013).…”

Being Breton through wrestling: Traditional gouren as a distinctive Breton activity

“…This "negative" identification has been particularly effective in Brittany, where local inhabitants have historically perceived the central Nation-State's unifying actions as attempts to erase local traditions, costumes and practices (Bertho, 1980;Le Coadic, 1998;McDonald, 1990;Meyer, 2003;Postic et al, 2003;Simon, 1999). These suspicions precipitated the two main political and socio-cultural reactions in the region during the 20th century-to which have corresponded the main reforms of gouren as we described above.…”

“…4 The second case of decisive transformation occurred in the 1960s and 1970s, when a young Breton wrestler named Patrig Ar Goarnig further adapted the practice. Goarnig's efforts to reform gouren took place in the wake of the concurrent cultural and political movement for the revaluation of Breton culture (Le Coadic, 1998;Postic et al, 2003), and should be understood in this context. As Goarnig himself has observed, his changes aimed to emphasize the connection of gouren to its "ancestral spirit" (Goarnig, interviewed on 24 July 2012 by Dario Nardini) and its Celtic and regional roots.…”