Reconnaissance of ground-water resources of the Squaxin Island Indian Reservation, Washington

Plan of study for the Puget-Willamette Lowland regional aquifer system analysis, western Washington and western Oregon

“…Ground+water levels also fluctuate in response to tides. Tidal effects have been found to vary from 0.02 ft to 7.5 ft and quickly approach zero at distances from 500 to 1,000 ft away from the shoreline (Drost, 1982;Lum and Walters, 1976).…”

Hydrogeologic framework of the Puget Sound aquifer system, Washington and British Columbia

“…Recharge is not zero in these areas, but estimating these quantities was beyond the scope of this study It should be noted that not all of the geologic settings found in the Puget Sound Lowland were represented in the 26 basins, for example, the setting where till directly overlies fine-grained interglacial deposits. Although this geologic setting is not common in the Puget Sound Lowland, it is known to occur (Lum and Walters, 1976). For this setting, the equations using precipitation as the dependent variable would yield larger estimates of recharge than would actually occur; estimated recharge would be greater than actual because of the low permeability of the fine-grained, predominately clay deposits underlying the till.…”

“…In some instances the same areas were studied by several investigators (see for example, Garling and others, 1965;Deeter, 1979;Hansen and Bolke, 1980). During the 1970's, the U.S. Geological Survey completed ground-water studies of nine Indian reservations in the Puget Sound Lowland (for example, Lum and Walters, 1976;Drost, 1979a,b;Walters and others, 1979;Drost, 1983b;. Many localized studies have been completed by private companies for municipal well fields and ground-water contamination sites; these studies provide a wealth of site-specific information.…”

“…Ground-water levels also fluctuate in response to tides. Tidal effects have been found to range up to 7.5 ft and quickly approach 0 ft at distances of 500 to 1,000 ft from the shoreline (Lum and Walters, 1976;Drost, 1979a).…”

“…Thus, it should be noted that for localized investigations of areas with this type of setting, the regional estimates of mean annual recharge ( fig. 13) developed during this study would probably need to be reduced substantially (Lum and Walters, 1976).…”