Reconocimiento, daño y opciones de manejo de Carmenta foraseminis Eichlin (Lepidóptera: Sesiidae), perforador del fruto y semilla de cacao Theobroma cacao L. (Malvaceae)

Muñoz, Arturo Carabalí; Lizcano, Camilo Ernesto Senejoa; Prado, Millerlandy Montes

doi:10.21930/agrosavia.manual.7402599

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Sustained productivity of neotropical cacao agroforestry systems is hindered by multiple constraints during the cacao life‐cycle, including low pollination success, leaf and flower herbivory, and other pests and diseases reducing crop yields (Vansynghel, Ocampo Ariza, et al, 2022). Among arthropod pests, caterpillars of the pod and bark borers Carmenta foraseminis and C. theobromae (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), and the mirid Monalonion dissimulatum , are considered to cause the most important yield losses (e.g., Carabalí Muñoz et al, 2018; Vargas et al, 2005). Caterpillars in the Pyralidae and Pterophoridae families have been also identified as relevant leaf eaters, whereas aphids and mealybugs are the most abundant sap‐sucking taxa on cacao trees (e.g., Castillo, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birds and bats enhance cacao yield despite suppressing arthropod mesopredation

Ocampo‐Ariza

Vansynghel

Bertleff

et al. 2023

Ecological Applications

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Bird-and bat-mediated biocontrol benefits the productivity of tropical commodity crops such as cacao, but the ecological interactions driving these ecosystem services remain poorly understood. Whereas birds and bats prey on herbivorous arthropods, they may also prey on arthropod mesopredators such as ants, with poorly understood consequences for pest biocontrol. We used a full-factorial experiment excluding birds, bats, and ants to assess their effects on (a) the abundance of multiple arthropod groups; (b) predation pressure on arthropods evaluated through artificial sentinel caterpillars; and (c) cacao yield over 1 year in shaded agroforestry systems of native cacao varieties in Peru. Birds and bats increased cacao yield by 118%, which translates in smallholder benefits of ca.US $959 ha −1 year −1 . Birds and bats decreased predation by ants and other arthropods, but contributed to the control of phytophagous taxa such as aphids and mealybugs. By contrast, ant presence increased the abundance of these sap-sucking insects, with negative impacts for cacao yield.Notably, high abundances of the dominant ant Nylanderia sp., known to attend sap-sucking insects, were associated with lower cacao yield along a distance gradient from the closest forest edge. According to these results, arthropod predation by birds and bats, rather than mesopredation by arthropods, was most responsible for increases in cacao yield. Moving forward, detailed research about their trophic interactions will be necessary to identify the cause of such benefits. Retaining and restoring the large benefits of birds and bats as well as minimizing disservices by other taxa in cacao agroforests can benefit from management schemes that prioritize preservation of shade trees and adjacent forests within agroforestry landscapes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birds and bats enhance cacao yield despite suppressing arthropod mesopredation

Ocampo‐Ariza

Vansynghel

Bertleff

et al. 2023

Ecological Applications

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“…The insect deposits its eggs on the surface of fruits; after hatching, larvae penetrate the bark to the placenta, atrophying the grains and finally feeding on seeds (Navarro et al, 2004). The pest causes severe damage, reducing fruit productivity and quality, which results in production losses between 10% and 100% (CARABALÍ et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracts of Azadirachta indica, Tagetes erecta and Jatropha curcas resin control the attack of Carmenta foraseminis on Theobroma cacao fruits

Guerra-Arévalo,

Abanto-Rodríguez,

Arévalo-Gardini

et al. 2024

Rev. Bras. Frutic.

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The aim of this work was to determine the effect of Azadirachta indica and Tagetes erecta leaf extract, as well as Jatropha curcas resin extract on the control of Carmenta foraseminis larvae in Theobroma cacao fruits. The study was conducted using a complete random block design (CRBD) with 6 treatments (T1:0%, T2:10%, T3:20%, T4:30%, T5:40% and T6:50%), 3 replicates and 10 fruits per experimental unit. The variables evaluated were: number of hatched larvae-NHL and number of attacked fruits. Extracts from , Azadirachta indica,Tagetes erecta leaves and Jatropha curcas resin at concentrations greater than 40% were efficient in the control of Carmenta foraseminis in Theobroma cacao fruits in the fruiting phase. Further studies should be carry out to determine the concentration of secondary metabolites in Azadirachta indica, Tagetes erecta leaves and Jatropha curcas resin at different maturation stages for a more efficient use in the control of the insect pest.

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“…A esto se suma la polilla del cacao como reporta Figueroa, Ramírez y Sigarroa (2013), quienes menciona que Carmenta foraseminis Eichlin, es una plaga que ha incrementado en el norte de Santander -Colombia. En Colombia, con la implementación de la emergencia fitosanitaria, recién se evidenció el poco conocimiento del insecto plaga conocido como Carmenta sobre todo, la biología y hábitos (Carabalí, Senejoa & Montes, 2018). Muñoz, Vásquez & Muriel (2017) indican que el perforador del fruto C. foraseminis (Busck) Eichlin, es el insecto de importancia económica que afecta a la producción de cacao en Colombia, cuyas pérdidas alcanzaron un promedio de 23,5% expresadas en 112,5 kg húmedo y 39,3 kg seco, siendo la incidencia promedio de 55,3%.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Harms & Aiello (1995), citado por Cubillos (2013) la denominó Carmenta foraseminis (Busck) Eichlin, este taxónomo concluyó que la especie plaga se encuentra en Panamá, Venezuela y Colombia y que, tiene también otros hospederos alternos de la familia Lecythidaceae. La plaga C. foraseminis ha sido descrita por Eichlin en 1995 como plaga, asignándole el nombre específico de foraseminis, por el hábito del estado larval de perforar las semillas de cacao en Colombia (Carabalí, Senejoa & Montes, 2018). Entre 2012 y 2013 en Colombia se notaron los daños de la polilla en el cacao en las principales zonas productoras (Carabalí et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Carmenta foraseminis Eichlin and Phytophthora palmivora on fruits of Theobroma cacao L. in Satipo, Peru

Alomía

Vega

2021

manglar

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La polilla de frutos del cacao sumado a Phytophthora palmivora generan cuantiosas pérdidas; no se cuentan con estudios suficientes del comportamiento sinérgico para hacer medidas de control. Los antecedentes encontrados en Ecuador, Colombia, Brasil y Perú indican que se trata de una nueva que viene incrementando. El objetivo fue evaluar el comportamiento sinérgico de la polilla del cacao y la pudrición parda sobre la incidencia en los frutos. Se recolectó mensualmente frutos desde marzo hasta agosto de cada planta entre híbridos naturales y clones de cacao; al partir los frutos maduros se ha observado y registrado la presencia larval de la plaga. La infestación de la polilla fue de 45,99% al 91,18%, lo que indica un promedio de infestación de 68,59%. P. palmivora es principal problema fungoso de frutos, independientemente y asociado a Carmenta foraseminis, las proporciones de frutos dañados por la polilla en sinergia con el pseudohongo respecto a los daños de la polilla sola disminuyen desde marzo (1,73) hasta agosto (0,07); la sinergia entre el insecto y el pseudohongo alcanza un 22% de daño. El clon CCN-51 es más susceptible para ambas plagas, ICS-95 es más susceptible a la polilla; las variedades criollas muestran mayor tolerancia.

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Reconocimiento, daño y opciones de manejo de Carmenta foraseminis Eichlin (Lepidóptera: Sesiidae), perforador del fruto y semilla de cacao Theobroma cacao L. (Malvaceae)

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Birds and bats enhance cacao yield despite suppressing arthropod mesopredation

Birds and bats enhance cacao yield despite suppressing arthropod mesopredation

Extracts of Azadirachta indica, Tagetes erecta and Jatropha curcas resin control the attack of Carmenta foraseminis on Theobroma cacao fruits

Carmenta foraseminis Eichlin and Phytophthora palmivora on fruits of Theobroma cacao L. in Satipo, Peru

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