Reconsolidation of appetitive odor discrimination requires protein synthesis only when reactivation includes prediction error.

Gotthard, Gretchen Hanson; Kenney, Lauren; Zucker, Ariel

doi:10.1037/bne0000242

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(107 reference statements)

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“…When there is a violation between expectation and actual events, referred to as a prediction error, both initial learning and extinction learning is strengthened [31]. As such, researchers have examined whether the expectation for new learning enhances reconsolidation by creating a prediction error [31][32][33][34][35]. Animal research supports the notion that prediction error enhances reconsolidation using pharmacological blockade methods to study reconsolidation [34].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As such, researchers have examined whether the expectation for new learning enhances reconsolidation by creating a prediction error [31][32][33][34][35]. Animal research supports the notion that prediction error enhances reconsolidation using pharmacological blockade methods to study reconsolidation [34]. Sevenster et al [32] examined if a prediction error was needed in order for a memory to return to a labile state and undergo reconsolidation in humans.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

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Verbal manipulations of learning expectancy do not enhance reconsolidation

2022

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Objectives Pharmacological studies using propranolol suggest that if reactivation signals that new information will be learned (i.e., there is an expectation for learning) reconsolidation can be enhanced. We examined if the verbal instructions to expect new learning will enhance reconsolidation of fear memories using the post-retrieval extinction paradigm. Methods On day one, participants (n = 48) underwent differential fear conditioning to two images (CS+ and CS-). On day two, participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups; groups one and two had their memory for the CS+ reactivated (i.e., a single presentation of the CS+) 10 minutes prior to extinction, whereas group three did not have their memory reactivated but went right to extinction (no reactivation group). One reactivation group was told that they would learn something new about the images (expectation for learning group), and the other group was told that they would not learn anything new (no expectation for learning group). On day three, return of fear was measured following reinstatement (i.e., four shocks). Fear potentiated startle (FPS) and skin conductance response (SCR) were measured throughout. Results There was evidence of fear acquisition for participants for SCR but not FPS. With regards to reconsolidation, SCR increased for the CS+ and CS-in all groups from the end of extinction to the beginning of re-extinction (i.e., return of fear). For FPS, post-hoc tests conducted on the sub-group of participants showing fear learning showed that FPS remained stable in the two reactivation groups, but increased to the CS+, but not the CS- in the no reactivation group. Implications These findings suggest that a verbal manipulation of the expectation for learning may not be salient enough to enhance reconsolidation. Results are discussed in relation to theories on differences in between SCR, as a measure of cognitive awareness, and FPS, as a measure of fear.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Verbal manipulations of learning expectancy do not enhance reconsolidation

2022

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“…Similar results have been observed in other laboratories using different preparations(Briggs & Olson, 2013;Flavell & Lee, 2013;Merlo, Milton, Goozée, Theobald, & Everitt, 2014) and species (seeSevenster, Beckers, & Kindt, 2014, in humans; Turel, Prados, & Urcelay, 2020 in planaria; Merlo, Santos, Pedreira, & Merlo, 2020, in crabs), suggesting that these phenomena are highly conserved.to different amnesic interventions. The involvement of PE in cue-dependent amnesia has been consistently demonstrated in different species (e.g.,Sevenster, Beckers & Kindt, 2012, 2013, & Dudai, 2003Exton-McGuinness, Patton, Sacco, & Lee, 2014;Gotthard, Kenney, & Zucker, 2018;Jarome, Ferrara, Kwapis, & Helmstetter, 2015;Krawczyk, Fernández, Pedreira, & Boccia, 2017;Morris et al, 2006; Pedreira, Pérez-Cuesta, & Maldonado, 2004;Reichelt, Exton-McGuinness, & Lee, 2013;Rodriguez-Ortiz, De La Cruz, Gutiérrez, & Bermudez-Rattoni, 2005). For example, destabilization can result from a change in reward contingency from fixed to variable interval ratios of reinforcement in instrumental settings (e.g.,Exton-McGuinness, Patton, Sacco, & Lee, 2014;, a change in US intensity (equal or lower than in training; e.g.,Liu et al, 2014), the presentation of a trained CS followed by novel information (e.g., Rodriguez-Ortiz, De La Cruz,…”

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confidence: 99%

Rethinking Memory Impairments: Retrieval Failure

Alfei Palloni,

Miller,

Ryan

et al. 2024

Preprint

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A canonical view in the neuroscience of learning and memory literature is that failures in memory expression reflect storage failures, and hence amnesic manipulations following training or following memory reactivation can permanently erase memory traces. In this review, we analyse extant literatures from the learning and memory domains suggesting that most if not all of these memory deficits can be restored with the appropriate retrieval cues. We content that all manipulations conducted immediately after training or following memory reactivation result in new learning, which is highly dependent on retrieval cues for memory expression. Thus, although acquisition and storage mechanisms are important, memory retrieval is a critical component of memory performance, with numerous findings from behavioural and neurobiological studies all converging on this general notion. These conclusions invite a rethinking of the learning and memory literatures and provide new avenues for research.

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