Reconstitution of endoplasmic reticulum in rapidly dividing cells of early <i>Xenopus</i> embryos

Domínguez, Juan M.; Paiement, Jacques

doi:10.1002/aja.1001860108

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Although previous studies clearly indicated microtubule-dependent formation of ER networks in vivo (Terasaki et al, 1986;Lee and Chen, 1988), we were unable to confirm such a relationship in our studies. Neither vinblastine nor nocodazole used at concentrations previously shown to inhibit other microtubule-dependent processes in both Xenopus oocytes and eggs Dominguez and Paiement, 1989) were able to prevent initiation of formation or maintenance of the reconstituted ER network in the present study. Perhaps ER network formation in Xenopus oocytes is microtubuleindependent and, in this sense, resembles more ER network formation in characean algal cells (Kachar and Reese, 1988).…”

Section: N V I V Ocontrasting

confidence: 51%

“…Both these agents were shown to lead to cleavage arrest in early developing Xenopus embryos (Dominguez and Paiement, 1989). Furthermore vinblastine was shown to induce pigment dispersion and the formation of tubular crystalloids in Xenopus oocytes .…”

Section: Effect Of Microtubule Inhibitors On the Formation And Maintementioning

confidence: 98%

“…The exact significance of these changes is not known, but changes in synthesis and secretion in at least some of these cell types are thought to be involved. The form of the ER has also been observed to change during the cell cycle (Porter and Machado, 1960;Zeligs and Wollman, 1979;Dominguez and Paiement, 1989), and in such cases the phenomenon is thought to be involved in the redistribution of membranes following cellular division. Finally ER structure has been shown to undergo dramatic growth in cells of differentiating tissues (Leskes et al, 1971;Thiery et al, 1983;MacLennan et al, 1985) and is known to coincide with functional activity within the differentiating cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Recently an experimental system consisting of membrane transplantation between cells has been developed (Paiement et al, 1988Dominguez and Paiement, 1989). This system holds considerable potential for the identification of normal mechanisms in morphogenesis and biochemical differentiation a t the level of cytoplasmic organelles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphogenesis of endoplasmic reticulum in Xenopus oocytes after microinjection of rat liver smooth microsomes

et al. 1990

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We have determined the kinetics of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) reconstitution following insertion of rat-liver smooth microsomes (SM) into Xenopus oocyte cytoplasm using electron microscopy as well as cytochemistry and thick-section 3-dimensional reconstruction. Oocytes were fixed 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 120 min after microinjection with SM and processed for thin- and thick-section electron microscopy. At 0 min postinjection, rat liver SM were observed as small vesicles and were loosely dispersed amongst oocyte organelles. At 10 min, tubules were discerned among many elongate vesicles; and these structures comprised large cytoplasmic regions delimited by mitochondria and yolk platelets. By 20 min, segregation of transplanted organelles yielded yolk-platelet-free regions composed of few vesicles but increasingly numerous, long and anastomosing tubules. By 40 min, a network with numerous tubular branches and fenestrations was observed among the few remaining vesicles. By 80 min, transformation of rat liver SM into a complex network of branching and anastomosing tubules was complete. Three-dimensional reconstruction revealed the network to be composed of interconnecting elements consisting of anastomosing tubules. The reconstituted network of anastomosing tubules in Xenopus oocytes was compared to the network of anastomosing tubules in rat liver hepatocytes and was found to be essentially identical. Network formation occurred in oocytes pretreated with either vinblastine (40 microM) or nocodazole (0.166 microM), and network organization was maintained in oocytes treated with the same drugs after microinjection and reconstitution. We conclude that SM retain sufficient molecular information for rapid self-assembly into structures resembling those in the cells from which they were derived. Both the assembly and maintenance of ER structure in oocyte cytoplasm are microtubule-independent. The formation of such structures following microinjection of SM into living cells provides a unique assay for this type of membrane subfraction.

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Section: N V I V Ocontrasting

confidence: 51%

Section: Effect Of Microtubule Inhibitors On the Formation And Maintementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphogenesis of endoplasmic reticulum in Xenopus oocytes after microinjection of rat liver smooth microsomes

et al. 1990

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“…However, in cleaving blastomeres of some echinoderm (24,28,34,37,40) and amphibian embryos (8,26), chromosome cycles continue if…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Microtubule‐Dependence of the Chromosome Cycle at the Midblastula Transition in Xenopus laevis Embryos

Clute

Masui

1992

Dev Growth Differ

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Animal-cap cells isolated from Xenopus laevis morulae and blastulae are cultured for 2 to 6 hr in medium containing nocodazole, Colcemid or taxol, at concentrations completely inhibiting cell division. At 20°C, cells from each control embryo undergo synchronous cell cycles up to the 12th, with a period of 32 min, of which 60% represents the chromosome condensation (mitotic or M-) phase, and the average mitotic index remains near 50%. Cells treated with nocodazole, Colcemid or taxol before 12th cleavage undergo chromosome cycles with a similar period as controls, albeit without chromosome segregation, and the average mitotic index remains near 50%. From the 12th to 15th cycles, control cycles become asynchronous, their period gradually increases 2 to 3 times, and the mitotic index declines to 10%. In cells treated after 12th cleavage with taxol, the mitotic index declines, similarly to control cells. However, in nocodazoletreated cells, it increases steadily, and exceeds 70% at 2 hr of treatment, but gradually declines to 40% at 6 hr. Therefore, while inhibition of microtubule activities does not significantly alter the timing of chromosome condensation cycles during synchronous cleavage, inhibition of microtubule assembly can prolong M-phase during asynchronous cleavage after the midblastula transition.

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Harderian gland ultrastructure of the black sea bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus ponticus)

Bodyak

Stepanova

1994

Journal of Morphology

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Examination of the Harderian gland structure of the Black Sea bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus ponticus, at macroscopic, microscopic, and electron microscopic levels shows significant sexual dimorphism. The epithelial cells of male and female glands are different cell types, capable of producing chemically different products. Secretory cells in both sexes contain secretion granules that produce a secretion consisting mainly of proteins and carbohydrates, but thought to be sex-specific in composition. The female glands also contain lipid secretion granules. It is suggested that in the bottlenose dolphin the Harderian gland functions to produce sexually distinct pheromones and may have other physiological activities, e.g., participating in local immunological or endocrine-related reactions.

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Reconstitution of endoplasmic reticulum in rapidly dividing cells of early Xenopus embryos

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Morphogenesis of endoplasmic reticulum in Xenopus oocytes after microinjection of rat liver smooth microsomes

Morphogenesis of endoplasmic reticulum in Xenopus oocytes after microinjection of rat liver smooth microsomes

Development of Microtubule‐Dependence of the Chromosome Cycle at the Midblastula Transition in Xenopus laevis Embryos

Harderian gland ultrastructure of the black sea bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus ponticus)

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