Reconstructed histories of the annual mean atmospheric mole fractions for the halocarbons CFC‐11 CFC‐12, CFC‐113, and carbon tetrachloride

Walker, S.; Weiss, R. F.; Salameh, P.

doi:10.1029/1999jc900273

Cited by 289 publications

(257 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…To construct the surface boundary conditions for CFC-11 and CFC-12, we scaled the known atmospheric history of those tracers 36 to the measured surface concentration, hence approximately accounting for undersaturation of these gases in the mixed layer [37][38][39] . For the other tracers, we use a monthly mean climatology.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of the history of anthropogenic CO2 concentrations in the ocean

Khatiwala

Primeau

Hall

2009

Nature

588

610

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of the history of anthropogenic CO2 concentrations in the ocean

Khatiwala

Primeau

Hall

2009

Nature

588

610

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“…Here we use three passive tracers, CFC-11, CFC-12, and anthropogenic CO 2 . For the two former, the surface history was determined using the atmospheric history compiled by Walker et al [2000], and solubility calculated from temperature and salinity according to Warner and Weiss [1985], assuming a surface saturation of 98% which is consistent with the observations of Jutterström et al [2008]. The DIC ant history was determined as the difference between the preindustrial equilibrium DIC and that at time t, using updated Law Dome and Mauna Loa atmospheric CO 2 mole fraction records.…”

Section: Ttd Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nordic seas transit time distributions and anthropogenic CO₂

et al. 2010

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[1] The distribution and inventory of anthropogenic carbon (DIC ant ) in the Nordic seas are determined using the transit time distribution (TTD) approach. To constrain the shape of the TTDs in the Nordic seas, CO 2 is introduced as an age tracer and used in combination with water age estimates determined from CFC-12 data. CO 2 and CFC-12 tracer ages constitute a very powerful pair for constraining the shape of TTDs. The highest concentrations of DIC ant appear in the warm and well-ventilated Atlantic water that flows into the region from the south, and concentrations are typically lower moving west into the colder Arctic surface waters. The depth distribution of DIC ant reflects the extent of ventilation in the different areas. The Nordic seas DIC ant inventory for 2002 was constrained to between 0.9 and 1.4 Gt DIC ant , corresponding to ∼1% of the global ocean DIC ant inventory. The TTD-derived DIC ant estimates were compared with estimates derived using four other approaches, revealing significant differences with respect to the TTD-derived estimates, which can be related to issues with some of the underlying assumptions of these other approaches. Specifically, the Tracer combining Oxygen, inorganic Carbon and total Alkalinity (TrOCA) method appears to underestimate DIC ant in the Nordic seas, the DC* shortcut and the approach of Jutterström et al. (2008) appear to overestimate DIC ant at most depths in this area, and finally the approach of Tanhua et al. (2007) appears to underestimate Nordic seas DIC ant below 3000 m and overestimate it above 1000 m.

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“…P cfc is assumed to be uniform in each hemisphere poleward of 10°latitude ( Fig. 1(a)), with temporal values from the reconstructed annual mean mole fraction of P cfc at 41°S and 45°N (Walker et al, 2000). Between 10°S and 10°N, we made a linear transition between the two hemispheres.…”

Section: Parameterization Of the Air-sea Cfc Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of ocean model ventilation with CFC-11: comparison of 13 global ocean models

et al. 2002

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We compared the 13 models participating in the Ocean Carbon Model Intercomparison Project (OCMIP) with regards to their skill in matching observed distributions of CFC-11. This analysis characterizes the abilities of these models to ventilate the ocean on timescales relevant for anthropogenic CO uptake. We found a large range in the modeled global inventory (AE30%), mainly due to differences in ventilation from the high latitudes. In the Southern Ocean, models differ particularly in the longitudinal distribution of the CFC uptake in the intermediate water, whereas the latitudinal distribution is mainly controlled by the subgrid-scale parameterization. Models with isopycnal diffusion and eddy-induced velocity parameterization produce more realistic intermediate water ventilation. Deep and bottom water ventilation also varies substantially between the models. Models coupled to a sea-ice model systematically provide more realistic AABW formation source region; however these same models also largely overestimate AABW ventilation if no specific parameterization of brine rejection during sea-ice formation is included. In the North Pacific Ocean, all models exhibit a systematic large underestimation of the CFC uptake in the thermocline of the subtropical gyre, while no systematic difference toward the observations is found in the subpolar gyre. In the North Atlantic Ocean, the CFC uptake is globally underestimated in subsurface. In the deep ocean, all but the adjoint model, failed to produce the two recently ventilated branches observed in the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). Furthermore, simulated transport in the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) is too sluggish in all but the isopycnal model, where it is too rapid. Ó

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Reconstructed histories of the annual mean atmospheric mole fractions for the halocarbons CFC‐11 CFC‐12, CFC‐113, and carbon tetrachloride

Cited by 289 publications

References 25 publications

Reconstruction of the history of anthropogenic CO2 concentrations in the ocean

Reconstruction of the history of anthropogenic CO2 concentrations in the ocean

Nordic seas transit time distributions and anthropogenic CO₂

Evaluation of ocean model ventilation with CFC-11: comparison of 13 global ocean models

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Reconstructed histories of the annual mean atmospheric mole fractions for the halocarbons CFC‐11 CFC‐12, CFC‐113, and carbon tetrachloride

Cited by 289 publications

References 25 publications

Reconstruction of the history of anthropogenic CO2 concentrations in the ocean

Reconstruction of the history of anthropogenic CO2 concentrations in the ocean

Nordic seas transit time distributions and anthropogenic CO2

Evaluation of ocean model ventilation with CFC-11: comparison of 13 global ocean models

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Nordic seas transit time distributions and anthropogenic CO₂