Reconstructing Archival Practices in Abbasid Baghdad

Berkel, Maaike van

doi:10.1163/22142371-12340003

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Ancak bu arşivden çok az sayıda belge günümüze ulaşabilmiştir. 136 Memlükler döneminde de devlet dairelerinde düzenlenen belgeler arşivlerde muhafaza edilmekteydi. Konrad Hirschler, bu dönemde merkezî bir devlet arşivi yerine, çeşitli birimlerin oluşturduğu müstakil arşivlerden 137 bahsetmenin daha doğru olacağı kanaatindedir.…”

Section: IIIunclassified

Osmanlı Mahkemelerinde Şâhitler: Şuhûdü’l-‘udûlden Şuhûdü’l-hâle Geçiş

Erünsal¹

2018

Osmanlı Araştırmaları

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The institution of witness testimony played a critical role in the Ottoman judicial system. Judges (kadıs) made their final decisions almost solely on the basis of witness testimony. For this reason, great importance was attached to witness selection as the basis of justice, and careful methods were developed to prevent false testimony. Although this phenomenon was critical, scholarship on the institution of witnesses in the Ottoman judicial system, and on the witnesses themselves, is deficient. On one hand, there is no thorough-going study of the subject; the existing scholarship-from encyclopedia articles to doctoral dissertations, from published court registers to research on legal history-does little more than repeat the conventional wisdom. On the other hand, there are publications arguing that this system was a focus of unlawful practices. In this article, first of all, in order to establish the historical roots of the Ottoman implementation of şuhûdü'l-hâl, information will be provided on the concepts of 'udûl/ şuhûd/şuhûdü'l-'udûl in the medieval Islamic world, where they played an important * Makalemin hazırlanmasında her zaman olduğu gibi yardımlarını gördüğüm Prof. Dr. Bilgin Aydın ve Dr. Kenan Yıldız Beylere, özellikle metindeki Arapça ifadelerin tashihini yapan meslekdaşım Prof. Dr. Abdülkerim Özaydın'a ve makalemi inceleyerek değerli görüş ve tavsiyelerini ileten Mehmet Genç üstadımıza çok teşekkür ederim.

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Section: IIIunclassified

Osmanlı Mahkemelerinde Şâhitler: Şuhûdü’l-‘udûlden Şuhûdü’l-hâle Geçiş

Erünsal¹

2018

Osmanlı Araştırmaları

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“…Clanchy 2013.19 Khan 1994a: 205, 212. 20 For the development of archival culture in the Abbasid period, seeSijpesteijn 2007;van Berkel 2014. For archives specifically of documents relating to property, see Vorderstrasse 2013.…”

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Opening Formula and Witness Clauses in Arabic Legal Documents from the Early Islamic Period

Khan¹

2021

JAOS

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Arabic legal documents from early Islamic Egypt are attested in Arabic papyrus collections. These exhibit a formulaic structure that is clearly distinct from those of the Byzantine Greek tradition of legal documents, which continued to be written in the first Islamic century. The Islamic Arabic documents reflect a legal formulaic tradition that had its origins in the Ḥ ijāz of Arabia. This article examines the background of this Ḥ ijāzī tradition, with particular focus on the opening formula and the witness clauses. Parallel features are identified in Ancient South Arabian legal texts and in texts of legal nature from Northern Arabia. clearly in the case of a few bilingual Arabic-Greek documents from the first century A.H. that are of a legal nature. 4 The Arabic versions of these bilingual documents exhibit, in particular, two of the distinctive features of the early Arabic documentary tradition that differ from the Byzantine Greek tradition, viz., the initial identificatory component and the witness formula. The well-known bilingual document PERF 558 (P.Vindob. G. 39726) (Grohmann 1952: 113-15), which is dated in the year 22h [643], is a receipt for the provision of sheep issued by the Arab commander ʿAbdullāh ibn Jābir. The Arabic document opens, after the basmala, as follows: ‫هذا‬ ‫ما‬ ‫اخذ‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫اله‬ ‫ابن‬ ‫جبر‬ ‫واصحبه‬ ‫من‬ ‫الجزر‬ ‫من‬ ‫اهناس‬ This is what ʿAbdallāh ibn Jābir and his companions have taken with regard to sheep for slaughter from Ahnās 5 The Greek version, by contrast, opens with an epistolary address formula characteristic of cheirographa: Ἀβδέλλας ἀμιρᾶς ὑμῖν Χριστοφόρῳ (καὶ) Θεοδωρακίῳ παγάρχ(οις) Ἡρακλέ(ους) The commander ʿAbdallāh, to you, Christophoros and Theodorakios, pagarchs of Herakleopolis The Arabic text in the bilingual receipt PERF 585 (P.Vindob. G. 39744) (Stoetzer and Worp 1983) dated 75h [694f.] opens, after the basmala, with the identificatory noun barāʾa "quittance

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Legal-historical Beginnings – Outlining Late Antique Islamic Law

Salaymeh¹

2016

The Beginnings of Islamic Law

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Reconstructing Archival Practices in Abbasid Baghdad

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Osmanlı Mahkemelerinde Şâhitler: Şuhûdü’l-‘udûlden Şuhûdü’l-hâle Geçiş

Osmanlı Mahkemelerinde Şâhitler: Şuhûdü’l-‘udûlden Şuhûdü’l-hâle Geçiş

Opening Formula and Witness Clauses in Arabic Legal Documents from the Early Islamic Period

Legal-historical Beginnings – Outlining Late Antique Islamic Law

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