Reconstructing Indian-Australian phylogenetic link

Kumar, Satish; Ravuri, Rajasekhara Reddy; Padmaja, K Lakshmi; Urade, BP; Bn, Sarkar; Chandrasekar, Adimoolam; Rao, V. R.

doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-173

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Curiously, these affinities between samples from Saudi Arabia and those from Indian Ocean islands can be extended to Saudi Q1a1 in Ar196 (Additional file 2: Table S1), which has only exact matches with MA405 sample from Madagascar [75]. Moreover, different lineages belonging to the Indian branch (M42b) in Saudi Arabia [31] and Mauritius [85] deeply link with the Australian M42a branch [86]. Other lineages in the Saudi mtDNA pool, such as M20, E1a1a1 and M7c1 point to specific arrivals from southeastern Asia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Curiously, this idea was abandoned in favor of a single southern route simultaneously carrying the three Eurasian mtDNA lineages (M, N and R). Now, if the born of macrohaplogroup M at some place between southeast Asia and near Oceania is accepted, the putative connection between Australia and India based on the nearly simultaneous radiation of M42a and M42b branches respectively [86] could be explained by the expansion from a nearly equidistant center of radiation, and not as a directional colonization from India to Australia following a southern route. At this respect, it seems pertinent to cite that the complexity of M42 in Australia could be greater than the currently known [111].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carriers of human mitochondrial DNA macrohaplogroup M colonized India from southeastern Asia

et al. 2016

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BackgroundFrom a mtDNA dominant perspective, the exit from Africa of modern humans to colonize Eurasia occurred once, around 60 kya, following a southern coastal route across Arabia and India to reach Australia short after. These pioneers carried with them the currently dominant Eurasian lineages M and N. Based also on mtDNA phylogenetic and phylogeographic grounds, some authors have proposed the coeval existence of a northern route across the Levant that brought mtDNA macrohaplogroup N to Australia. To contrast both hypothesis, here we reanalyzed the phylogeography and respective ages of mtDNA haplogroups belonging to macrohaplogroup M in different regions of Eurasia and Australasia.ResultsThe macrohaplogroup M has a historical implantation in West Eurasia, including the Arabian Peninsula. Founder ages of M lineages in India are significantly younger than those in East Asia, Southeast Asia and Near Oceania. Moreover, there is a significant positive correlation between the age of the M haplogroups and its longitudinal geographical distribution. These results point to a colonization of the Indian subcontinent by modern humans carrying M lineages from the east instead the west side.ConclusionsThe existence of a northern route, previously proposed for the mtDNA macrohaplogroup N, is confirmed here for the macrohaplogroup M. Both mtDNA macrolineages seem to have differentiated in South East Asia from ancestral L3 lineages. Taking this genetic evidence and those reported by other disciplines we have constructed a new and more conciliatory model to explain the history of modern humans out of Africa.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0816-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carriers of human mitochondrial DNA macrohaplogroup M colonized India from southeastern Asia

et al. 2016

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“…If this scenario is accepted, it calls into question the accuracy of the view that populations first colonized the subcontinent at 60 ka. It is entirely possible that populations of H. sapiens were present in South Asia for a considerable period of time, and that they spread further eastwards at some point after 60 ka, eventually to occupy Australia before 45 ka, supported by recent genetic analysis of Indian and Australian populations (Kumar et al 2009). This model of course puts emphasis on the need to recover hominin fossils, retrieve ancient hominin DNA and conduct systematic archaeological dating programmes.…”

Section: Timing Of Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The great time depths apparent in the Andamanese and Malaysian mtDNA have been argued to support the rapid colonization of the region as part of a southern coastal route to Australia (Endicott et al 2003;Macaulay et al 2005;Thangaraj et al 2005). Genetic research continues to document population dispersals from the Indian subcontinent towards Southeast Asia and Australasia (Roychoudhury et al 2000;Majumder 2001;Kumar et al 2009). Proponents of the southern dispersal route have argued for a rapid initial dispersal around the South Asian coastline (e.g.…”

Section: Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Out of Africa: new hypotheses and evidence for the dispersal ofHomo sapiensalong the Indian Ocean rim

Petraglia

Haslam

Fuller

et al. 2010

Annals of Human Biology

162

104

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The dispersal of Homo sapiens out of Africa is a significant topic in human evolutionary studies. Most investigators agree that our species arose in Africa and subsequently spread out to occupy much of Eurasia. Researchers have argued that populations expanded along the Indian Ocean rim at ca 60,000 years ago during a single rapid dispersal event, probably employing a coastal route towards Australasia. Archaeologists have been relatively silent about the movement and expansion of human populations in terrestrial environments along the Indian Ocean rim, although it is clear that Homo sapiens reached Australia by ca 45,000 years ago. Here, we synthesize and document current genetic and archaeological evidence from two major landmasses, the Arabian peninsula and the Indian subcontinent, regions that have been underplayed in the story of out of Africa dispersals. We suggest that modern humans were present in Arabia and South Asia earlier than currently believed, and probably coincident with the presence of Homo sapiens in the Levant between ca 130 and 70,000 years ago. We show that climatic and environmental fluctuations during the Late Pleistocene would have had significant demographic effects on Arabian and South Asian populations, though indigenous populations would have responded in different ways. Based on a review of the current genetic, archaeological and environmental data, we indicate that demographic patterns in Arabia and South Asia are more interesting and complex than surmised to date.

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“…Whereas coastal New Guinea (but not the highlands) subsequently experienced additional gene flow from Asia (associated with the Austronesian expansion) (9), the extent of isolation of Aboriginal Australians following initial colonization is still debated. The prevailing view is that until the arrival of the Europeans late in the 18th century, there was little, if any, contact between Australia and the rest of the world (7,11,12), although some mtDNA and Y chromosomal studies suggested some gene flow to Australia from the Indian subcontinent during the Holocene (13)(14)(15). Here, we analyze genome-wide SNP data and find a significant signature of gene flow from India to Australia, which we date to about 4,230 y ago.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide data substantiate Holocene gene flow from India to Australia

Pugach

Delfin

Gunnarsdóttir

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The Australian continent holds some of the earliest archaeological evidence for the expansion of modern humans out of Africa, with initial occupation at least 40,000 y ago. It is commonly assumed that Australia remained largely isolated following initial colonization, but the genetic history of Australians has not been explored in detail to address this issue. Here, we analyze large-scale genotyping data from aboriginal Australians, New Guineans, island Southeast Asians and Indians. We find an ancient association between Australia, New Guinea, and the Mamanwa (a Negrito group from the Philippines), with divergence times for these groups estimated at 36,000 y ago, and supporting the view that these populations represent the descendants of an early “southern route” migration out of Africa, whereas other populations in the region arrived later by a separate dispersal. We also detect a signal indicative of substantial gene flow between the Indian populations and Australia well before European contact, contrary to the prevailing view that there was no contact between Australia and the rest of the world. We estimate this gene flow to have occurred during the Holocene, 4,230 y ago. This is also approximately when changes in tool technology, food processing, and the dingo appear in the Australian archaeological record, suggesting that these may be related to the migration from India.

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Reconstructing Indian-Australian phylogenetic link

Cited by 32 publications

References 48 publications

Carriers of human mitochondrial DNA macrohaplogroup M colonized India from southeastern Asia

Carriers of human mitochondrial DNA macrohaplogroup M colonized India from southeastern Asia

Out of Africa: new hypotheses and evidence for the dispersal ofHomo sapiensalong the Indian Ocean rim

Genome-wide data substantiate Holocene gene flow from India to Australia

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