Reconstructing Iron Age Community Dynamics in Eskişehir Province, Central Turkey

Grave, Peter; Kealhofer, Lisa; Marsh, Ben; Sivas, Taciser Tüfekçi; Sivas, Hakan

doi:10.1007/s10816-011-9119-y

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The first millennium BC: the Early Iron Age Early Iron Age pottery occurs mainly at the fortified hilltop settlement on Aktepe (figs 10-12). Most of it is grey ware, such as that found by T. Sivas during her survey in the highlands of Phrygia (Grave et al 2012 Gunter 1991: figs 23.482, 25.541-42;von der Osten 1937: figs 66.2, 432.10, 24, 51, 451.6, 26, 27, 446.47;Fischer 1963: pls 68.620, 69.633).…”

Section: The Second Millennium Bcmentioning

confidence: 90%

Bronze Age höyüks, Iron Age hilltop forts, Roman poleis and Byzantine pilgrimage in Germia and its vicinity. ‘Connectivity’ and a lack of ‘definite places’ on the central Anatolian high plateau

Niewöhner

Dikilitaş²,

Erkul

et al. 2013

Anatol. Stud.

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Germia was a well-connected Byzantine polis in western-central Anatolia, famous for its healing waters and a church of St Michael. After three years of survey the site can now be reconstructed: it included several other churches and monasteries, but little space for ordinary residential buildings. This comes as a surprise, but can be explained by the discovery of two older Roman cities within walking-distance of Germia, where the ordinary people seem to have lived. One of these cities, Mantalos, was home to a local cult of the pagan god Men. This may explain why the Christian healing centre was established at Germia. Later, Mantalos shed its pagan legacy and was apparently renamed Eudoxias after a homonymous member of the Theodosian dynasty. No Roman or Byzantine settlement of the region has a history extending back beyond the Iron Age, when the population retreated to fortified hilltop settlements and many sizable Bronze Age höyüks were deserted. Settlement locations changed often and grew little in central Anatolia, and this may be blamed on the uniform landscape of the high plateau; it lacks the Mediterranean's diverse geography of ‘definite places’ that would favour one site above others and ensure its continuity and growth.

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Section: The Second Millennium Bcmentioning

confidence: 90%

Bronze Age höyüks, Iron Age hilltop forts, Roman poleis and Byzantine pilgrimage in Germia and its vicinity. ‘Connectivity’ and a lack of ‘definite places’ on the central Anatolian high plateau

Niewöhner

Dikilitaş²,

Erkul

et al. 2013

Anatol. Stud.

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“…The large number of vessels for handling liquids at Kerkenes is not uncommon for the region or the time period. In many archaeological surveys and excavations of Central Anatolian Iron Age sites, jars, pitchers, and jugs constitute a large proportion of the ceramic containers recovered (Grave et al ; Kealhofer et al ). In Tumulus MM at the Phrygian site of Gordion, a royal feast was left for the dead, including many pouring and serving vessels (McGovern ).…”

Section: Water Use In the City: Food Production Cuisine Craft Produmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production requires water: Material remains of the hydrosocial cycle in an ancient Anatolian city

Graff

Branting

Marston

2019

Economic Anthropology

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Kerkenes is the largest pre‐Hellenistic city in Turkey. It covers 2.5 square kilometers and is enclosed by a 7‐km‐long stone wall. This Iron Age, Phrygian city was well planned, only inhabited for forty to sixty years, and then purposefully destroyed and abandoned. Not only were the city wall and architecture planned but interconnected water management features for the city were also part of how the city was conceived. While some might view the management of water in the city as an indication that the social elite wanted to control the water, the available evidence does not support this idea. Drawing on Linton and Budds's hydrosocial cycle, this article uses water as a lens to examine hydrosocial relations at Kerkenes, specifically instances where water is part of the dialectical and relational process in the production of food, crafts, health, and politics. This article argues that using water as a lens can help archaeologists find traces of sociocultural, economic, and political relationships and may not only reveal insights into water negotiations in the past but also inform contemporary water concerns.

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“…Ethnographic studies suggest that the majority of non‐industrial potters use raw materials within 7 km of their workshop (Arnold , 38–42) and that most pottery is consumed within 50 km of the production centre (Dietler and Herbich , 465; Stark , 209). Thus, it may be assumed that the most frequently occurring geochemical groups at each site reflect production specific to that locale (Bishop et al , 301; Grave et al , 383–5). Depending on the geology, data from clay beds and temper sources near sites can strengthen associations between geochemical groups and sites in regional analysis (Arnold et al , 85–7; Kealhofer et al , 1921), but this must not be confused with identifying the exact source of the raw materials.…”

Section: Local Geology and ‘Local’ Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical Analysis of the Hittite‐Period Pottery from Tarsus‐Gözlükule, Turkey

2016

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Neutron activation analysis was conducted on Late Bronze IIA pottery from Tarsus-Gözlükule and compared with archival data from contemporary sites in Cilicia and Cyprus. The results provide a model for the organization of pottery production at Tarsus-Gözlükule when the settlement was under the rule of the Hittite Empire. It is proposed that multiple contemporary pottery workshops provided the community of Tarsus-Gözlükule with both Hittite-style pottery and other wares. It is further suggested that these workshops may have differed in the extent to which they were attached to the imperial administration.

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Reconstructing Iron Age Community Dynamics in Eskişehir Province, Central Turkey

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Bronze Age höyüks, Iron Age hilltop forts, Roman poleis and Byzantine pilgrimage in Germia and its vicinity. ‘Connectivity’ and a lack of ‘definite places’ on the central Anatolian high plateau

Bronze Age höyüks, Iron Age hilltop forts, Roman poleis and Byzantine pilgrimage in Germia and its vicinity. ‘Connectivity’ and a lack of ‘definite places’ on the central Anatolian high plateau

Production requires water: Material remains of the hydrosocial cycle in an ancient Anatolian city

Geochemical Analysis of the Hittite‐Period Pottery from Tarsus‐Gözlükule, Turkey

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