“…a congenitally united calyx to form the trapping chamber. In contrast, Ceropegia achieves the same structure by congenital fusion and basal inflation of the corolla (Ollerton et al, 2009), while the genus Arum and related plants forgo floral tissues altogether and enclose their male and female florets within a highly modified bract (Bröderbauer et al, 2012;Meeuse and Raskin, 1988). As recognized by Vogel (1990), whose treatise on osmophores featured many examples from these lineages, floral scent can be highly chemically diverse among Ceropegia, Arum, Amorphophallus and other aroid lineages, including chemically mediated mimicry of carrion, herbivore and carnivore feces and rotting fruit/yeast (Kite et al, 1998;Stökl et al, 2010;Urru et al, 2011).…”