Reconstruction of bipinnaria larvae from dissociated embryonic cells of the starfish, <i>Asterina pectinifera</i>

Dan-Sohkawa, Marina; Yamanaka, Hisashi; Watanabe, Kenji

doi:10.1242/dev.94.1.47

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The sibling embryos were dissociated and reconstructed individually ( Figure 4B , batch A or B) or mixed ( Figure 4B , batch A + B). The reconstructed embryos from batches A and B were sibling chimeras and developed normally into bipinnaria larvae, as previously reported ( 21 ). In contrast, although the reconstructed embryos from a cell mixture of batches A and B were chimeras comprising cell populations without kin-relationships, these allogeneic chimeras also successfully developed into bipinnaria larvae, as expected from our previous research ( 24 ), in which the larval immune system was tolerant of living allogeneic cells ( Figure 4B , allogeneic chimera).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…A similar tolerance for chimera formation at an early stage of ontogeny has been reported in the sea star Patiria pectinifera . Similar to classic studies on individual reconstruction by dissociated sponge cells ( 20 ), cells that are dissociated from the embryos or larvae of P. pectinifera are capable of reconstructing larvae, similar to sponge cells ( 21 , 22 ). Allogeneic mixtures of dissociated cells derived from the adult sponge Callyspongia diffusa form aggregates but then die within 48 h ( 23 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…The normal individual reconstruction processes performed by the dissociated cells of P. pectinifera embryos are as follows: (i) the mixture of dissociated cells reaggregates within 2 h after dissociation; (ii) 8 h after the start of reconstruction, a germ layer forms via the sorting of ectodermal and endodermal cells; and (iii) by 24–40 h, as the blastocoel gradually expands, the ectoderm invaginates and eventually fuses with the endoderm, forming a blastopore. After these reconstruction processes, the reconstructed embryos develop normally into bipinnaria larvae, forming mouth and coelomic pouches ( 21 ). This reconstruction phenomenon is also achieved by mixing dissociated cells from sibling embryos derived from a common parent ( 22 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blastulae (approximately 16 h post-fertilization) obtained from the two parent pairs were fluorescently labeled with chloromethylfluorescein-diacetate (CMFDA, 100 µM; AAT Bioquest, US) or carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA, 100 µM; AAT Bioquest, US) for 30 min at 20 °C. These embryos, having a packed volume of 0.2 mL, were dissociated by a previously described method ( 21 ), then reconstructed independently or in a mixture. The definition of the chimeras produced in this study is shown in Supplementary Figure 1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Establishment of the immunological self in juvenile Patiria pectinifera post-metamorphosis

Taguchi

Minakata

Tame³

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Ontogeny of the immune system is a fundamental immunology issue. One indicator of immune system maturation is the establishment of the immunological self, which describes the ability of the immune system to distinguish allogeneic individuals (allorecognition ability). However, the timing of immune system maturation during invertebrate ontogeny is poorly understood. In the sea star Patiria pectinifera, cells that have dissociated from the embryos and larvae are able to reconstruct larvae. This reconstruction phenomenon is possible because of a lack of allorecognition capability in the larval immune system, which facilitates the formation of an allogeneic chimera. In this study, we revealed that the adult immune cells of P. pectinifera (coelomocytes) have allorecognition ability. Based on a hypothesis that allorecognition ability is acquired before and after metamorphosis, we conducted detailed morphological observations and survival time analysis of metamorphosis-induced chimeric larvae. The results showed that all allogeneic chimeras died within approximately two weeks to one month of reaching the juvenile stage. In these chimeras, the majority of the epidermal cell layer was lost and the mesenchymal region expanded, but cell death appeared enhanced in the digestive tract. These results indicate that the immunological self of P. pectinifera is established post-metamorphosis during the juvenile stage. This is the first study to identify the timing of immune system maturation during echinodermal ontogenesis. As well as establishing P. pectinifera as an excellent model for studies on self- and non-self-recognition, this study enhances our understanding of the ontogeny of the immune system in invertebrates.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Establishment of the immunological self in juvenile Patiria pectinifera post-metamorphosis

Taguchi

Minakata

Tame³

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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“…Historically and perhaps conceptually, they are preceded by SC embryonic explant and re-aggregation systems [95], several of which have been established already decades ago in evolutionarily distant species such as Hydra and starfish [96][97][98]. These and related research efforts have underscored the regenerative capacity as well as the self-organizing potential of ESC-LPs across metazoans, given that, in both species, and thus across clades, re-aggregated cells are able to reconstitute a functional animal.…”

Section: Evolution Of Body Plans In Vivo and The Significance Of Syst...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying evolution of the primary body axis in vivo and in vitro

Anlaş¹,

Trivedi²

2020

Preprint

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The metazoan body plan is established during early embryogenesis via collective cell rearrangements and evolutionarily conserved gene networks, as part of a process commonly referred to as gastrulation. While substantial progress has been achieved in terms of characterizing the embryonic development of several model organisms, underlying principles of many early patterning processes nevertheless remain enigmatic. Despite the diversity of (pre-)gastrulating embryo and adult body shapes across the animal kingdom, the body axes, which are arguably the most fundamental features, generally remain identical between phyla. Recently there has been a renewed appreciation of ex vivo and in vitro embryo-like systems to model early embryonic patterning events. Here, we briefly review key examples and propose that similarities in morphogenesis as well as associated gene expression dynamics may reveal an evolutionarily conserved developmental mode as well as provide further insights into the role of external or extraembryonic cues in shaping the early embryo. In summary, we argue that embryo-like systems can be employed to inform previously uncharted aspects of animal body plan evolution as well as associated patterning rules.

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The factors that promote the development of symmetry properties in aggregates from dissociated echinoid embryos

Freeman

1988

Roux's Arch Dev Biol

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Embryos of Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus at the 16 cell, 400 cell or mesenchyme blastula stage of development were dissociated into single cells. The cells were reaggregated, and the development of individual aggregates was monitored. Only aggregates from 16 cell embryos developed into pluteus-like larvae with radial or bilateral symmetry. When embryos at these three developmental stages were incompletely dissociated so that there were mixtures of single cells and groups of undissociated cells, the percentage of aggregates from 16 cell embryos that developed in a pluteus-like manner was greater than in aggregates from completely dissociated 16 cell embryos. Also a small percentage of aggregates from 400 cell embryos now developed into pluteus-like larvae. In both of these experiments small aggregates tend to develop in a more normal manner than larger aggregates.In order to test the role of undissociated cells in promoting pluteus-like development in aggregates from incompletely dissociated blastula stage embryos, pieces of intact animal, lateral, or vegetal blastula wall were grafted to aggregates formed from completely dissociated embryos. While each kind of graft improved the ability of the aggregate to develop in a pluteus-like manner, grafts of vegetal blastula wall were most effective. In an aggregate, a graft differentiates according to its presumptive fate and influences the cells of the aggregate to differentiate in an appropriate manner. The ability of the graft to influence the development of the other cells in the aggregate depends on the developmental stage of the cells that make up the aggregate and the size of the aggregate.

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Reconstruction of bipinnaria larvae from dissociated embryonic cells of the starfish, Asterina pectinifera

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Establishment of the immunological self in juvenile Patiria pectinifera post-metamorphosis

Establishment of the immunological self in juvenile Patiria pectinifera post-metamorphosis

Studying evolution of the primary body axis in vivo and in vitro

The factors that promote the development of symmetry properties in aggregates from dissociated echinoid embryos

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