Reconstruction of Low and Middle Latitude Export Productivity, 30,000 Years BP to Present: Implications for Global Carbon Reservoirs

Sarnthein, Michael; Winn, Kyaw

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-2093-4_16

Cited by 39 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…4) the distribution of the three main benthic foraminiferal assemblages found in modern and Quaternary sediments below about 1000 m depth can be easily explained between the equator and the North Pole. In the case of fossil records this nutrient factor can be directly examined by the reconstruction of paleoflux rates of organic matter from the geochemistry of deep-sea sediments (Sarnthein and Winn 1990;Sarnthein et al 1992). As a result of this control of benthic species by the carbon flux rate near the seafloor, the suspension feeders such as Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi gradually become more important than debris feeders (such as Uvigerina peregrina) as soon as the carbon flux rates decrease below 2.5 g/m2/a, a decrease that is directly related to increas- (Suess 1980).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Quaternary changes in surface water and deep water masses of the Nordic Seas and north-eastern North Atlantic: a review

Sarnthein

Altenbach

1995

Geol Rundsch

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Quantitative and semiquantitative proxy data based on more than 200 core-top samples and 100 deep-sea cores lead to important new insights about late Quaternary changes in paleo-oceanography, climate and microfaunal habitats in the north-eastern North Atlantic and Nordic Seas, insights resulting from a detailed investigation by the Kiel research project SFB 313/B2 summarized in this paper. Planktonic foraminifera species provide reliable tracers of past sea surface temperatures and currents. The genus Beella in particular was found to trace subtropical water masses up to the far north. Benthic foraminifera species served as sensors of bottom currents and local flux rates of organic matter. New orders of time resolution are reached via stable isotope stratigraphy and accelerator mass spectrometry carbon-14 dating, allowing the identification of meltwater events lasting a few hundred years and shorter, a time range where, however, the yet unquantified role of bioturbation presents a growing problem. Based on this high-resolution stratigraphy a number of 'time slices' (synoptic time intervals) are defined to reconstruct the incursion of Atlantic water masses, to map paleocurrent patterns within the Nordic Seas and the north-eastern North Atlantic and to test alternative circulation models -for example, for the last glacial maximum (LGM) and various meltwater episodes. These are clearly coeval with DansgaardOeschger events found in Greenland ice cores, with the actual cause of the flickering climate as yet unknown. Likewise, there is ongoing controversy about the extent of past sea-ice cover and about possible changes from the present anti-estuarine to estuarine mode of deep water exchange between the North Atlantic and the Nordic Seas during the LGM. South of Iceland, however, the history of deep water renewal over the last glacial cycle covering the last 30000 years was largely deciphered.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Quaternary changes in surface water and deep water masses of the Nordic Seas and north-eastern North Atlantic: a review

Sarnthein

Altenbach

1995

Geol Rundsch

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…12A,B; Broecker and Peng, 1982;Sarnthein and Winn, 1990;Grothmann, 1996;Pflaumann and Jian, 1999). A tongue of low δ 13 C values of G. ruber (<0.9‰) and P. obliquiloculata (<0.4‰) traces the inflow of nutrient-enriched surface and subsurface water from the Luzon strait into the SCS.…”

Section: Variations In the Fertility Of The South China Sea (Premise 6)mentioning

confidence: 99%

East Asian monsoon climate during the Late Pleistocene: high-resolution sediment records from the South China Sea

et al. 1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Based on the study of 10 sediment cores and 40 core-top samples from the South China Sea (SCS) we obtained proxy records of past changes in East Asian monsoon climate on millennial to bidecadal time scales over the last 220,000 years. Climate proxies such as global sea level, estimates of paleotemperature, salinity, and nutrients in surface water, ventilation of deep water, paleowind strength, freshwater lids, fluvial and=or eolian sediment supply, and sediment winnowing on the sea floor were derived from planktonic and benthic stable-isotope records, the distribution of siliciclastic grain sizes, planktonic foraminifera species, and the U K 37 biomarker index. Four cores were AMS-14 C-dated. Two different regimes of monsoon circulation dominated the SCS over the last two glacial cycles, being linked to the minima and maxima of Northern Hemisphere solar insolation. (1) Glacial stages led to a stable estuarine circulation and a strong O 2 -minimum layer via a closure of the Borneo sea strait. Strong northeast monsoon and cool surface water occurred during winter, in part fed by an inflow from the north tip of Luzon. In contrast, summer temperatures were as high as during interglacials, hence the seasonality was strong. Low wetness in subtropical South China was opposed to large river input from the emerged Sunda shelf, serving as glacial refuge for tropical forest. (2) Interglacials were marked by a strong inflow of warm water via the Borneo sea strait, intense upwelling southeast of Vietnam and continental wetness in China during summer, weaker northeast monsoon and high sea-surface temperatures during winter, i.e. low seasonality. On top of the long-term variations we found millennial-to centennial-scale cold and dry, warm and humid spells during the Holocene, glacial Terminations I and II, and Stage 3. The spells were coeval with published variations in the Indian monsoon and probably, with the cold Heinrich and warm Dansgaard-Oeschger events recorded in Greenland ice cores, thus suggesting global climatic teleconnections. Holocene oscillations in the runoff from South China centered around periodicities of 775 years, ascribed to subharmonics of the 1500-year cycle in oceanic thermohaline circulation. 102=84-year cycles are tentatively assigned to the Gleissberg period of solar activity. Phase relationships among various monsoon proxies near the onset of Termination IA suggest that summer-monsoon rains and fluvial runoff from South China had already intensified right after the last glacial maximum (LGM) insolation minimum, coeval with the start of Antarctic ice melt Wang et al. / Marine Geology 156 (1999) prior to the δ 18 O signals of global sea-level rise. Vice versa, the strength of winter-monsoon winds decreased in short centennial steps only 3000-4000 years later, along with the melt of glacial ice sheets in the Northern Hemisphere.

show abstract

“…4) [15,25] . δ 13 C difference (Δδ 13 C) between floating and benthic foraminifera can indicate the transportation of superficial production and organic carbon from surface to bottom [26] . The values of Δδ 13 C of Columns SO49-8KL and SO50-37KL also collected from the South China Sea were relatively high during the glacial, yet relatively low during the interglacial, suggesting that glacial superficial production increased [27] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glacial atmospheric CO2 decline in association with decrease of marine sedimentary phosphorus

Weng

Zhang

et al. 2006

SCI CHINA SER D

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The environmental and biogeochemical information extracted from the sediments collected from the northern shelf of the South China Sea shows that terrigenous inputs of phosphorus into the sea remained relatively constant, and the variation of phosphorus contents at different depths was caused by climatic and environmental changes. The findings also suggest that the vertical variation of phosphorus content was opposite to those of calcium carbonate and cadmium, and the functional correlation between CO 2 and PO 4 3− in seawater was given by calculating the chemical equilibrium, indicating that the accumulation of marine sedimentary phosphorus may have something to do with the variation of atmospheric CO 2 . The decreased phosphorus accumulation as well as the correspondingly-increased calcium carbonate content might be one of key factors causing glacial atmospheric CO 2 decline.Keywords: sedimentary phosphorus, calcium carbonate, atmospheric CO 2 , northern shelf of the South China Sea, biogeochemistry.Since the discovery from the ice-core record of South Pole revealed that atmospheric concentration of CO 2 of the last glacial was 80-100 ppm less than that of Holocene [1] , many researchers [2][3][4][5][6] have obtained a series of important findings to seek the dominant factors controlling its change from marine physical, chemical and biological processes, among which the view has gained increasing attention that phosphorus, as a macronutrient, is a crucial limitation to marine primary production, and ultimately affects atmospheric CO 2 and global climatic change [7,8] . Nevertheless, as how the biogeochemical cycle of phosphorus affected the concentration of atmospheric CO 2 is extrapolated mainly by studying modern processes at present, yet little was revealed about the response of phosphorus to paleoclimatology in geological records, there are no specific conclusions about how the biogeochemical process of phosphorus might lead to glacial atmospheric CO 2 change for lack of sound geological evidence as yet.In this paper, through analyzing the vertical variation of phosphorus content in the sediment column, and its correlation with the contents of calcium carbonate and cadmium, as well as theoretical calculation of the chemical equilibrium between different forms of phosphorus and CO 2 in seawater, discussed is the coupled relationship between the accumulation of sedimentary phosphorus and the change of atmospheric Glacial atmospheric CO 2 decline in association with decrease of marine sedimentary phosphorus 323 CO 2 from a biogeochemical point of view. The results provide novel evidence for revealing the predominant factors to pose the atmospheric CO 2 fall during the last glacial period.

show abstract

Reconstruction of Low and Middle Latitude Export Productivity, 30,000 Years BP to Present: Implications for Global Carbon Reservoirs

Cited by 39 publications

References 44 publications

Late Quaternary changes in surface water and deep water masses of the Nordic Seas and north-eastern North Atlantic: a review

Late Quaternary changes in surface water and deep water masses of the Nordic Seas and north-eastern North Atlantic: a review

East Asian monsoon climate during the Late Pleistocene: high-resolution sediment records from the South China Sea

Glacial atmospheric CO2 decline in association with decrease of marine sedimentary phosphorus

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About