Reconstruction of mandibular vertical defects for dental implants with autogenous bone block grafts using a tunnel approach: clinical study of 50 cases

Long‐term outcomes of implants placed after vertical alveolar ridge augmentation in partially edentulous patients: a 10‐year prospective clinical study

“…These considerations along with the results from this study favor the use of a delayed approach when using autogenous bone grafts and titanium implants for reconstruction of the severely atrophied maxilla, in accordance with Cordaro et al (2002), Chiapasco et al (2012), Urban et al (2015), Restoy-Lozano et al (2015).…”

Interventions for Dental Implant Placement in Atrophic Edentulous Mandibles: Vertical Bone Augmentation and Alternative Treatments. A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

“…Twelve publications were excluded after applying study criteria: seven were removed as more recent data were available; 51–57 two trials were excluded as the follow‐up after prosthetic loading was <1 year; 58 , 59 and another three papers were rejected because of retrospective design, 31 absence of a control group, 35 and not presenting vertical bone augmentation procedures, 60 respectively.…”

“…Vertical bone augmentation techniques using guided bone regeneration (GBR), 7–14 alveolar distraction osteogenesis, 3,15‐21 interpositional block grafts, 19,22‐30 or onlay bone grafting 20,29,31‐35 have shown favorable outcomes, both clinically and histologically 4 . However, these procedures cannot be considered the standard of care due to the high rate of postoperative complications.…”

Vertical bone regeneration using rhBMP-2 and VEGF

“…Lower quality or quantity of residual bone can be caused by trauma, systemic or local illnesses or local atrophic processes [3] eventually resulting in the need for bone augmentation. Various studies showed that vertical bone regeneration in particular remains a challenge [4–7]. At posterior regions of the upper jaw a sinus floor augmentation procedure is suitable to regain bone height whereas in the lower jaw there is no such option [8].…”

“…space at implantation site is limited due to obligatory gingival coverage) [8]. Screws or other fixation devices might be necessary to keep the graft in place [7]. Furthermore, when used without a membrane technique, there might be fibrous encapsulation of the graft and as a consequence no sufficient bone-to-implant contact [8, 24].…”