“…Various features can be extracted from the voltage, current, temperature curves during the charging/discharging process, and electrochemical impedance spectrum ( Zhang et al., 2020 ). For example, incremental capacity (IC) and differential voltage (DV) analysis ( Han et al., 2014 ) are two useful methods to extract features to evaluate battery health, and typical features include the peak values of the IC curves ( Jiang et al., 2020 ; Tang et al., 2021 ), the valley values of the DV curves ( Li et al., 2018 ), and the curve area within a given voltage range. In contrast, sequence-based methods directly use time-series data as the input and employ deep learning methods to achieve automatically feature extraction and nonlinear modeling, e.g., deep neural network ( Roman et al., 2021 ; Tian et al., 2021 ), long short-term memory network ( Deng et al., 2022b ; Li et al., 2020 ), deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) ( Shen et al., 2020 ), and their variants.…”