Recording and fixing dynamics of nonvolatile photorefractive holograms in LiNbO_3 :Fe:Mn crystals

Ren, Liyong; Liu, Liren; Liu, Dean; Zu, Jifeng; Luan, Zhu

doi:10.1364/josab.20.002162

Cited by 41 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…As usual, each variable is assumed to vary only along the direction of the grating vector and is replaced by its average and fundamental components of the Fourier series (denoted by the subscripts 0 and 1). Then the two-centre 910 C. Dai et al material equations [20,21,12,14] can be divided into zero-and first-order equations: …”

Section: Two-centre Model Of Uv Recordingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this dynamic volume grating system, the self-diffraction behaviour of the grating can be analysed by coupled-wave equations. With a little modification to the Kogelnik theory of the static volume grating, the coupled-wave equations 912 C. Dai et al of the two UV beams in the dynamic volume grating of the photorefractive crystals can be described as [22][23][24]14] cosðÞ…”

Section: Two-centre Model Of Uv Recordingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By using a nondestructive red testing light which incident on the hologram grating at the Bragg angle with A 1 ¼ 1, A 2 ¼ 0 to read out the recorded grating, and solving the coupled-wave equations to get the diffracted beam A 2 , the diffraction efficiency ¼ A 2 A 2 * can be obtained [14].…”

Section: And For Erasing With Uv and Red Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there are a number of crucial practical disadvantages with this technique: insufficient levels of refractive-index change; low sensitivity [5,7,8,11]; the depth of the total grating was greatly reduced as a result of the 180 phase difference between shallow and deep gratings [2,12]; and the extra step of bringing electrons from deep traps to shallow traps and the small absorption cross-section of the shallow traps at large recording wavelength prolong response time [13]. These are intrinsic problems with a UV-sensitized system for use as a recording mechanism, and can only be solved by optimization of material doping, oxidation-reduction processing, and the intensity ratio of red-to-UV [13][14][15]. In this paper, we proposed a solution to these problems by using modulated UV light to record gratings simultaneously both in shallow and deep traps, and using red light to bleach the grating in the shallow centre to realize persistent photorefractive holographic storage in the doubly doped LN crystals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improvement of sensitivity and refractive-index changes in LiNbO₃:Ce:Cu crystals with UV light

Dai¹,

Liu²,

Liu³

et al. 2006

Journal of Modern Optics

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A nonvolatile recording scheme is proposed using LiNbO 3 :Ce:Cu crystals and modulated UV light to record gratings simultaneously in two centres and using red light to bleach the grating in the shallow centre to realize persistent photorefractive holographic storage. Compared with the normal UV-sensitized nonvolatile holographic system, the amplitude of refractive-index changes is greatly increased and the recording sensitivity is significantly enhanced by recording with UV light in the LiNbO 3 :Ce:Cu crystals. Based on jointly solving the two-centre material equations and the coupled-wave equations, temporal evolutions of the photorefractive grating and the diffraction efficiency are effectively described and numerically analysed. Roles of doping levels and recording-beam intensity are discussed in detail. Theoretical results confirm and predict experimental results.

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Section: Two-centre Model Of Uv Recordingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Two-centre Model Of Uv Recordingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: And For Erasing With Uv and Red Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improvement of sensitivity and refractive-index changes in LiNbO₃:Ce:Cu crystals with UV light

Dai¹,

Liu²,

Liu³

et al. 2006

Journal of Modern Optics

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“…To verify the effect of the diminution of the sensitizing intensity theoretically, the current study employs the simulation model with the joint solution of the material and wave-coupling equations [6] . In the simulations, the Fe and Ru trap densities were N Fe =5.2×10 25 m −3 and N Ru =2.6×10 25 m −3 , respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect and optimization of the diminution of the sensitizing intensity in two-center recording

Chai¹,

Zhi²,

Zhao³

2012

中国光学快报

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The effect of the diminution of the sensitizing intensity from initially high value on two-center recording is experimentally and theoretically investigated. A linear diminution of the sensitizing intensity is designed, and three different diminution rates are employed for the experimental investigation. The results show that the dynamic range can be improved by reducing the diminution rate of the sensitizing intensity. Compared with that of traditional two-center recording, the recording sensitivity obtained in the experiment is more improved when the maximum dynamic range is achieved. The effect of the diminution of the sensitizing intensity on grating uniformity and the effect of the initial sensitizing intensity on the recording sensitivity are theoretically investigated.OCIS codes: 090.2900, 160.3730, 160.5320, 210.2860. doi: 10.3788/COL201210.060901.The two-center holographic recording method reported by Buse et al. has attracted attention because of its ability to record persistent holograms [1] . The advantage of this method from other grating-fixing methods is its alloptical, real-time process [2,3] . The two-center recording method uses two different dopants to produce shallower and deeper traps in photorefractive crystals. The key point of this technique is that, during the recording of an interference intensity pattern by two beams with longer wavelengths, the crystal is simultaneously sensitized by a beam with a shorter wavelength so that an inner-field grating can finally be built in the deep center, which is insensitive to the recording beam for further readout.Much work has been done to improve the recording sensitivity and dynamic range in two-center recording. The effect of the dopant element and its concentration, annealing, and recording and sensitizing intensities and wavelengths on these parameters has also been investigated [4,5] based on stable recording and sensitizing intensity values. Researchers have observed that, for doubly doped LiNbO 3 crystals, the recording sensitivity monotonously increases as the intensity ratio (I R /I S ) decreases. Meanwhile, the dynamic range increases to a maximum value at a certain intensity ratio and then monotonously decreases. The maximum dynamic range usually sacrifices the recording sensitivity [6−8] . However, a mass-storage system is necessary to improve the recording sensitivity.In this letter, we utilize the diminution of the sensitizing intensity to optimize two-center recording. The recording sensitivity is well known to be directly proportional to the average electron concentration (N − 20 ) in the shallow center. Similarly, the dynamic range is directly proportional to N − 20 /n 0 , where n 0 is the average electron concentration in the conduction band [7] . The enhancement of N − 20 and n 0 depends on the improvement of the sensitizing intensity. If the sensitizing intensity is reduced from a high initial value to optimize two-center recording, a high recording sensitivity can be achieved at the start of the recording process. Then, the d...

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3-D Integrated Optical Microcircuits in Lithium Niobate Written by Spatial Solitons

Fazio¹,

Chauvet²,

Vlad³

et al. 2009

Ferroelectric Crystals for Photonic Applications

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Recording and fixing dynamics of nonvolatile photorefractive holograms in LiNbO_3 :Fe:Mn crystals

Cited by 41 publications

References 23 publications

Improvement of sensitivity and refractive-index changes in LiNbO₃:Ce:Cu crystals with UV light

Improvement of sensitivity and refractive-index changes in LiNbO₃:Ce:Cu crystals with UV light

Effect and optimization of the diminution of the sensitizing intensity in two-center recording

3-D Integrated Optical Microcircuits in Lithium Niobate Written by Spatial Solitons

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Recording and fixing dynamics of nonvolatile photorefractive holograms in LiNbO_3 :Fe:Mn crystals

Cited by 41 publications

References 23 publications

Improvement of sensitivity and refractive-index changes in LiNbO3:Ce:Cu crystals with UV light

Improvement of sensitivity and refractive-index changes in LiNbO3:Ce:Cu crystals with UV light

Effect and optimization of the diminution of the sensitizing intensity in two-center recording

3-D Integrated Optical Microcircuits in Lithium Niobate Written by Spatial Solitons

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Product

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Improvement of sensitivity and refractive-index changes in LiNbO₃:Ce:Cu crystals with UV light

Improvement of sensitivity and refractive-index changes in LiNbO₃:Ce:Cu crystals with UV light