Recording of the full‐field electroretinogram in minipigs

Augsburger, Anne-Sandrine; Haag, Valérie; Leuillet, Sébastien; Legrand, Jean-Jacques; Forster, Roy

doi:10.1111/j.1463-5224.2012.01052.x

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Previous studies of ERG using normal pig showed the a-wave implicit time (16.6 ms) in rod-cone response, b-wave implicit time (41.8–47.4 ms) in rod-cone response, a-wave implicit time (12.7–16.7 ms) in maximal rod-cone response, b-wave implicit time (36.0–45.0 ms) in maximal rod-cone response, a-wave implicit time (8.37–13.4 ms) in cone response, and b-wave implicit time (29.6–33.5 ms) in cone response. 33 , 34 , 59 , 60 The b-wave amplitude of 10.0 ERG in our study showed a smaller amplitude than that of 3.0 ERG.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Normative Data of Axial Length, Retinal Thickness Measurements, Visual Evoked Potentials, and Full-Field Electroretinography in Female, Wild-Type Minipigs

Choi

Anh

et al. 2021

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to present normative data of optical coherence tomography (OCT), electrophysiological, and ocular biometry parameters and their correlation in minipigs. Methods Eighty-eight eyes of 44 minipigs underwent full-field electroretinogram (ERG) recording and ocular biometry. However, 10 eyes of 6 minipigs were excluded because of poor OCT image quality. The thickness of the retinal sublayers was measured on a vertical line at 5 locations with a 1 mm interval from the disc margin to the dorsal periphery and at 10 locations on the visual streak. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were measured in 15 eyes of 8 minipigs. Results All minipigs were female with a mean age and axial length of 13.83 ± 10.56 months and 20.33 ± 0.88 mm, respectively. The implicit time of the a-wave and b-wave in scotopic 3.0 ERGs was longer than that in photopic 3.0 ERG. The implicit time of the n2-wave and p2-wave in VEP was 25.67 ± 7.41 ms and 52.96 ± 10.38 ms, respectively. The total retinal layer (TRL) and nerve fiber layer (NFL) became thinner near the periphery. The inner retinal sublayers near the visual streak were thicker than those at other locations. Central TRL and NFL thickness on visual streak was 223.06 ± 23.19 µm and 74.03 ± 13.93 µm, respectively. The temporal TRL and NFL on the visual streak were thicker than those on the nasal side. Conclusions The normative electrophysiological and OCT parameters used in our study can be used as reference data in further pig studies. Translational Relevance This study presents normative data of minipigs, which are adequate animal models for preclinical studies.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Normative Data of Axial Length, Retinal Thickness Measurements, Visual Evoked Potentials, and Full-Field Electroretinography in Female, Wild-Type Minipigs

Choi

Anh

et al. 2021

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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“… 25 MFERG has also been used to map retinal function in the visual streak of the pig model 11 and in the wild-type primate macula. 16 Notably, in our study, MFERG amplitudes in the lesions were not reduced to the same extent as is typically found in the absolute scotomas of established human GA. Full-field ERG, as a summed retinal response, 24 , 34 , 86 , 87 is poorly suited to detect and quantify localized functional deficits. This study was not adequately powered to statistically compare MFERG amplitudes between laser settings; the data here may be used to design a larger study for this purpose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localized Structural and Functional Deficits in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Outer Retinal Atrophy

Liu

Konar

Aziz

et al. 2021

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Purpose Cell-based therapy development for geographic atrophy (GA) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is hampered by the paucity of models of localized photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) degeneration. We aimed to characterize the structural and functional deficits in a laser-induced nonhuman primate model, including an analysis of the choroid. Methods Macular laser photocoagulation was applied in four macaques. Fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), dye angiography, and OCT-angiography were conducted over 4.5 months, with histological correlation. Longitudinal changes in spatially resolved macular dysfunction were measured using multifocal electroretinography (MFERG). Results Lesion features, depending on laser settings, included photoreceptor layer degeneration, inner retinal sparing, skip lesions, RPE elevation, and neovascularization. The intralesional choroid was degenerated. The normalized mean MFERG amplitude within lesions was consistently lower than control regions (0.94 ± 0.35 vs. 1.10 ± 0.27, P = 0.032 at month 1, 0.67 ± 0.22 vs. 0.83 ± 0.15, P = 0.0002 at month 2, and 0.97 ± 0.31 vs. 1.20 ± 0.21, P < 0.0001 at month 3.5). The intertest variation of mean MFERG amplitudes in rings 1 to 5 ranged from 13.0% to 26.0% in normal eyes. Conclusions Laser application in this model caused localized outer retinal, RPE, and choriocapillaris loss. Localized dysfunction was apparent by MFERG in the first month after lesion induction. Correlative structure-function testing may be useful for research on the functional effects of stem cell–based therapy for GA. MFERG amplitude data should be interpreted in the context of relatively high intertest variability of the rings that correspond to the central macula. Sustained choroidal insufficiency may limit long-term subretinal graft viability in this model.

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“…However, when applied to pigs and other laboratory animals, ffERG requires anesthesia of subjects. 2,19 A behavioral test, even if not entirely objective, could improve study design and be considered a refinement of the model by avoiding repeated anesthetic procedures.…”

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confidence: 99%

Behavioral Assessment of Vision in Pigs

Barone

Nannoni

Elmi

et al. 2018

j am assoc lab anim sci

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Swine (Sus scrofa) are often the 'gold standard' laboratory animal for ophthalmology research due to the anatomic and physiologic similarities between the porcine and human eye and retina. Despite the importance of this model, few tools for behavioral vision assessment in pigs are available. The aim of this study was to identify and validate a feasible and reproducible behavioral test to assess vision in a pig model of photoreceptor degeneration. In addition, a robust behavioral test will reduce stress and enhance enrichment by allowing animals opportunities for environmental exploration and by reducing the number of invasive experimental procedures. Two distinct behavioral approaches were tested: the obstacle-course test and temperament test. In the obstacle-course test, pigs were challenged (after an initial training period) to navigate a 10-object obstacle course; time and the number of collisions with the objects were recorded. In the temperament test, the time needed for pigs to complete 3 different tasks (human-approach, novel-object, and open-door tests) was recorded. The obstacle-course test revealed significant differences in time and number of collisions between swine with vision impairment and control animals, and the training period proved to be pivotal to avoid bias due to individual animal characteristics. In contrast, the temperament test was not altered by vision impairment but was validated to measure stress and behavioral alterations in laboratory pigs undergoing experimental procedures, thus achieving marked refinement of the study.

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Recording of the full‐field electroretinogram in minipigs

Abstract: We conducted photopic and scotopic electroretinogram recordings from a protocol based on light adaptation followed by dark adaptation using sclerocorneal clip electrodes, which allows quick assembly and examination.

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Normative Data of Axial Length, Retinal Thickness Measurements, Visual Evoked Potentials, and Full-Field Electroretinography in Female, Wild-Type Minipigs

Normative Data of Axial Length, Retinal Thickness Measurements, Visual Evoked Potentials, and Full-Field Electroretinography in Female, Wild-Type Minipigs

Localized Structural and Functional Deficits in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Outer Retinal Atrophy

Behavioral Assessment of Vision in Pigs

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