2016
DOI: 10.1111/ijmr.12091
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Recovering the Divide: A Review of Strategy and Tactics in Business and Management

Abstract: With origins in military history, strategy and tactics is a frequently used conceptual couplet in the business and management literature. This paper reviews how strategy and tactics are portrayed, identifying a dominant ‘pragmatic’ account of strategy as an expression of formal, planned ends achieved through the subordinate means of tactics. Pragmatic distinctions give rise to a range of well-known problems, in particular in strategy implementation stages. We suggest that some of these problems may be avoided … Show more

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Cited by 32 publications
(28 citation statements)
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References 181 publications
(315 reference statements)
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“…Users, implementers, or even designers themselves may modify the intended ideas by redesigning or customizing them to fit specific situations and actors’ needs. This iterative perspective thus avoids a simplistic and overtly rational view of implementation as mere execution (MacKay and Zundel 2017), and it is shared by several authors (Greer et al . 2017; Leonardi 2015; Piercy 1998) who argue that formulation and implementation are two intertwined processes.…”
Section: Conceptualization Of Implementation: Lessons From Other Fieldsmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…Users, implementers, or even designers themselves may modify the intended ideas by redesigning or customizing them to fit specific situations and actors’ needs. This iterative perspective thus avoids a simplistic and overtly rational view of implementation as mere execution (MacKay and Zundel 2017), and it is shared by several authors (Greer et al . 2017; Leonardi 2015; Piercy 1998) who argue that formulation and implementation are two intertwined processes.…”
Section: Conceptualization Of Implementation: Lessons From Other Fieldsmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…(2) deep knowledge of the competitive environment; (3) objective evaluation of the resources; and (4) effective implantation.…”
Section: Strategy Creationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…"Strategy" is the main concept of the contemporary era [1] that has come to replace previous management activities such as "administration" or "planification." According to [2,3], the meaning of the word strategy originated in the military field and comes from the word "strategos" meaning general in Greek. rough time, its meaning has been evolving, being applied to other human activities and, in particular, to business strategies.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In their paper, Mackey and Zundel (2016), show that worldwide, many classifications of the Strategic Business Management Schools are known, such as McKiernan, Mintzberg, and Whittington (Whittington, 2001), divide the Strategic Business Management Schools as follows: Conventional, process, evolutionary and system schools.…”
Section: Theoretical Background Cooperation Of Stakeholders In Stratementioning
confidence: 99%