Recovery ability of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) after a short-term exposure to terbuthylazine

Abstract

Effects of a high terbuthylazine concentration (3.3 mg/l) on Cyprinus carpio were studied using a commercial herbicide formulation Click 500 SC (terbuthylazine 500 g/l). The fish were exposed to the pesticide for 24 h and allowed to recover for 6 days. Biometric parameters, plasma biochemical parameters and biomarkers of oxidative stress as well as histopathological changes in selected tissues were assessed on day 1 and 7. After a 24-h exposure, there were significant alterations found in the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) as well as in the plasma concentrations of glucose, natrium, chlorides, calcium and phosphorus. Hepatosomatic index, plasma albumin and lactate reflected the treatment with a delay. Ion levels and ALT were found to be restored after a 6-day recovery period, which was too short for AST activity and glucose to diminish to the control levels. The histopathological examination revealed disorders in the gills of the exposed fish, however, the changes were not detected after a 6-day recovery period. The study shows high regeneration potential of the fish.

Evaluation of Biochemical, Haematological, and Histopathological Responses and Recovery Ability of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpioL.) after Acute Exposure to Atrazine Herbicide

“…In spite of this, the glucose concentration was found to be restored to physiological levels after a 7-day recovery period. Similar trend was also observed in several studies, in which acute exposures of fish organisms to different pesticides were studied [ 25 , 33 ].…”

“…The most pronounced alteration was found in ALT activity and the significantly increased activity of the enzyme was also observed after the recovery period. Alanine aminotransferase is predominantly present in hepatocytes and therefore its increased activity after the recovery period could reflect the damage of liver tissue [ 33 ]. Similar results were found by Neškovič et al [ 21 ] who assessed effects of subacute (14 days) exposure to atrazine at the range of 1.5–6 mg·L −1 in common carp.…”

Oxidative stress in triazine pesticide toxicity: a review of the main biomarker findings

“…A 28-day exposure of zebrafish to the environmentally relevant concentration of 0.55 µg L -1 of terbuthylazine did not affect oxidative stress biomarkers, while moderate to high concentrations (˃400 µg L -1 ) caused a significant decrease in TBARS and GR activity and increase in GST (93). The same was noticed in common carp exposed to 0.38 µg L -1 for 91 days, as terbuthylazine did not affect the GSH levels or GST activity (92).…”

“…However, even though this is a relevant topic, considering that levels as low as 0.1 µg L -1 of terbuthylazine and its metabolites in freshwater pose a risk for non-targeted aquatic species, the number of such studies is scarce. Since 2010, only a few studies have been published on common carp, zebrafish, the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), and marbled crayfish (Procambarus fallax f. virginalis) (45,47,(90)(91)(92)(93)(94)(95)(96)(97). Most investigated sub-chronic exposure to terbuthylazine at environmentally relevant concentrations and compared them with exposure to higher concentrations (70-1000 µg L -1 ).…”

CHANGES IN CERTAIN ACUTE PHASE PROTEINS OF COMMON CARP (Cyprinus carpio) EXPOSED TO ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDES

“…According Dunier et al (1991) some blood parameters of nonspecific immunity (ceruloplasmine, lysozyme, hemagglutinins) were slightly affected by organophosphorus insecticide which are used in aquaculture to eliminate fish ectoparasites. Mikulikova et al (2013) investigated the effect of herbicides on Cp levels in common carp and their research show that ceruloplasmin activity was not affected by the exposure.…”