Recovery after an Ironman triathlon: sustained inflammatory responses and muscular stress

Neubauer, Oliver; König, Daniel; Wagner, Karl‐Heinz

doi:10.1007/s00421-008-0787-6

Cited by 176 publications

(200 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Bearing in mind that activities of CK and Myoglobin correlate with a neutrophil response induced by stress (Suzuki et al, 1999), Myoglobin represents a useful marker to monitor the eff ectiveness of workload on muscle tissue in training (Speranza et al, 2007). Aft er a soccer match, Myoglobin may increase within 30 min (Ascensão et al, 2008), and remain increased for 72 hours, which is probably the result of low-grade infl ammation (Neubauer, König, & Wagner, 2008). Th e present fi ndings indicate that Myoglobin levels increased signifi cantly aft er an offi cial soccer match in junior professional players, which is in line with other studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Post-Match Changes in Muscle Damage Markers among U-21 Soccer Players

Trajković¹,

Sporis²,

Vlahović³

et al. 2018

Monten. J. Sports Sci. Med.

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Th is study aimed to investigate the eff ect of offi cial soccer matches on selected markers of muscle damage in U-21 soccer players. A group of 19 trained, healthy male soccer players from the junior category took part in this study. Blood samples were assessed pre-match and immediately aft er a match in response to a competitive (2×45 min) soccer match. Analysis was performed for muscle damage and infl ammatory markers. Signifi cant diff erences between two measures (before and aft er soccer match) exist in Aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and Myoglobin. Plasma K + signifi cantly decreased aft er the match (p<0.05), whereas plasma Na + decreased slightly. Th is study showed that most selected markers of muscle damage were infl uenced by a soccer match. However, results remain inconsistent because of the infl uence of the type, duration, and intensity of exercise. Moreover, some markers show great variability among individuals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Post-Match Changes in Muscle Damage Markers among U-21 Soccer Players

Trajković¹,

Sporis²,

Vlahović³

et al. 2018

Monten. J. Sports Sci. Med.

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“…Comparable results are shown for highly trained athletes directly after finishing an Ironman triathlon. 21 What this study adds K Ultra-long-term races in a handcycle are possible for well-trained persons with a spinal cord injury. K To prepare for an ultra-long race, the average training intensities have been quantified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The exercise profile of an ultra-long handcycling race: the Styrkeprøven experience

et al. 2010

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Background: The high mechanical efficiency of the geared handcycle makes it suitable for elite athletes to train and even compete in races with able-bodied (recreational) cyclists. However, the actual exercise profile for endurance events has not been quantified. Objective: To guide future training regimes in a safe and effective process, the aim of this research was to quantify the workload, speed, cadence and heart rate parameters during 6000 km of training and within a 540 km ultra-long races. Methods: One spinal cord injured participant (lesion level Th4, ASIA B) handcycle (modified Shark S SopurFSunrisemedical, Malsch, Germany) was equipped with Schoberer Bike Measurement System (SRM) crank. For the laboratory test, a Cyclus II Ergometer was used. The energy intake and quality was determined during the time of race (540 km).Results: Workload at a defined metabolic situation was augmented through training by 63.8% from 90.0 to 147.6 W. The athlete finished the 540 km race with an average speed of 21.6 km h -1 and a total race time of 38:52 h. Conclusions: Ultra-long-term races in a handcycle can be suited by well-trained persons with a spinal cord injury. The quality of the training preparation time (for example, intensity and volume) is of immense importance to reach an adequate physiological capacity and to avoid serious injuries or medical problems.

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“…Based on a theoretical model (Morgan 1990) and animal experiments (Gregory et al 2007), we assume that the reduced stiffness was due to muscle damage (i.e. overstretching or disruption of intracellular muscle structures after exercise), which is a well-defined phenomenon after an Ironman triathlon (Neubauer et al 2008) and which leads to a higher compliance of the muscle-tendon-complex. Consequently, we assume that muscle damage was the cause for the decrease in the stiffness of the muscletendon-complex and accordingly, F m1LH .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ironman triathlon reduces neuromuscular performance due to impaired force transmission and reduced leg stiffness

Mueller

Knechtle

et al. 2014

Eur J Appl Physiol

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Purpose: An Ironman triathlon is associated with changes in body composition as well as decreases in neuromuscular function. While the changes in body composition occurring during an Ironman are well investigated, comprehensive data on the changes in neuromuscular performance are scarse. In the present study, we investigated the mechanical alterations underlying reported reductions in maximal muscular force and power after an Ironman race in men. Methods: Before and directly after an Ironman, countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), and multiple one-legged hopping (m1LH) maneuvers were performed to assess fatigue-related alterations in mechanical variables in thirteen male nonprofessional triathletes. Results: During CMJ, peak power (P = 0.003), peak velocity (P < 0.001), jump height (P = 0.007), and rate of force development (P = 0.042) decreased during the Ironman. Total (P < 0.001) and positive (P = 0.003) impulses during a CMJ were reduced after the triathlon, while both negative impulses did not differ pre to post Ironman. Absolute peak force remained constant during CMJ (P = 0.200) and SJ (P = 0.764). Maximal voluntary ground reaction force (F m1LH , P < 0.001) and peak stiffness (P = 0.003) during m1LH were decreased after the Ironman. Conclusions: The reduced CMJ height was a result of the lower positive impulse. Therefore, the neuromuscular deficit after the Ironman race was due to impairments in force transmission, resulting in a lower average positive force during CMJ, because of a slower rate of force development. The decreased F m1LH could be partly explained by reduced leg stiffness.

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Recovery after an Ironman triathlon: sustained inflammatory responses and muscular stress

Cited by 176 publications

References 35 publications

Post-Match Changes in Muscle Damage Markers among U-21 Soccer Players

Post-Match Changes in Muscle Damage Markers among U-21 Soccer Players

The exercise profile of an ultra-long handcycling race: the Styrkeprøven experience

An Ironman triathlon reduces neuromuscular performance due to impaired force transmission and reduced leg stiffness

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