Recovery and reuse of chromium from chrome tanning waste water aiming towards zero discharge of pollution

Kanagaraj, J.; Babu, N. K. Chandra; Mandal, Asit Baran

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2007.12.005

Cited by 121 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The permissible limit for the discharge of Cr(VI) into inland surface water in India 2 and US 3 is 0.1 mg L -1 and in potable water it is 0.05 mg L -1 . In general, a wide range of processes have been reported to remove Cr(VI) from water and wastewater such as chemical precipitation, 4 ion-exchange 5 and electrochemical methods. 6 The application of such methods is however costly, lead to toxic sludge generation 7 and is unaffordable for large-scale treatment of wastewater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of the adsorption of Cr(VI) onto some selected local adsorbents

2015

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of the adsorption of Cr(VI) onto some selected local adsorbents

2015

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“…Chromium enters the air, water and soil as chromium(III) and chromium(VI) through natural processes and human activities and the leather industry is one of the largest polluters among the various human activities [1][2][3][4]. The tanning activity is vital for the leather industry and most tanneries in the world (about 90%) use chromium salts to produce leather, because these salts provide better leather flexibility, better water resistance and a high shrinkage temperature [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although trivalent chromium is considered an essential nutrient for the human body and the toxicity of trivalent chromium is 500-1000 times less to a living cell than hexavalent chromium, exposure to excessive doses of Cr(III) for long periods of time may also cause some adverse health effects. Removal of Cr(VI) from industrial effluents is not only essential because of its toxicity to humans but also because it affects soil fertility by inhibiting biodegradation of organic pollutants due to its ability to inactivating enzymes and precipitating proteins of soil microbial organisms [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental impacts of Sheba tannery (Ethiopia) effluents on the surrounding water bodies

Gebrekidan¹,

Gebresellasie²,

Mulugeta³

2009

Bull. Chem. Soc. Eth.

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ABSTRACT. ABSTRACT. ABSTRACT. ABSTRACT. The levels of hexavalent chromium from direct and treated Sheba tannery effluents, downstream river and spring water samples and upstream river water samples were determined spectrophotometrically by the s-diphenylcarbazide method at 540 nm. Temporal and representative samples were collected from the untreated tannery effluent (S1), sedimentation pond (S2), chromium oxidation pond (S3), downstream river (S4), downstream spring (S5) and 5 kms upstream river (S6). The mean levels of hexavalent chromium in S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 and S6 were 10.54, 9.15, 7.82, 0.58, 0.54 and 0.015 mg/L, respectively. The levels of hexavalent chromium in the downstream river and spring water samples exceed the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit of total chromium in drinking waters (0.05 mg/L) as opposed to the levels in the upstream waters. The increased concentrations of Cr(VI) in the water samples indicate the possible environmental pollution of the downstream water bodies by the Sheba tannery effluents. In view of the toxicity and related environmental hazards, the levels of hexavalent chromium from the Sheba tannery effluents must be reduced to a permissible limit before discharging into the down stream waters being used for domestic purposes by the nearby communities.

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“…To reduce chromium discharge, cleaner chrome tanning methods like pickle free, high exhaustion, reversing process, organic solvent and adding auxiliary chrome tanning technologies and so on were studied [1][2][3][4][5]. In order to decrease chromium pollution further, recycle and reuse chrome tanning effluent technologies were also developed [6,7]. However, chromium will release in posttanning process such as rewetting, neutralizing, retanning, dyeing and fatliquoring effluents, leading to Cr 2 O 3 content in post-tanning effluents reaching 10-450 mg/L which is higher than wastewater disposal limit standard [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Chrome Complexes in Neutralizing Effluent

Zhang¹,

Gao²,

Chen³

2017

LFJ

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ABSTRACT. In order to explain the reason of chromium released from chrome tanned leather to effluent in neutralizing, the chromium complex composition, structure and property in neutralizing effluent were characterized. Hide powder was tanned by chromium sulfate liquor with 33% basicity (BCS), and then the tanned hide powder was treated by conventional neutralizing to prepare neutralizing effluent (NE). Ion exchange chromatography (IEC) and gel filtration chromatography (GFC) were used to separate NE to study its chromium composition firstly; then ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) were combined to analyze the structure of chrome complexes in NE; at last, chromium from NE was used for tanning and the thermal properties of the tanned hide powder were measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results indicated that NE mainly consisted of anionic-zero valent, monovalent and bivalent chrome complexes and the molecular volume was small also. The Cr(III) complexes in NE were mainly combined with ligands like SO 4 2-and HCOO -through single point coordination. Compared with the control, higher weightlessness rate but lower maximum thermal decomposition temperature (T max ), thermal denaturation temperature (T d ) and enthalpy (ΔΗ) of NE chrome tanned hide powder demonstrated poor tanning ability of the chromium. In short, the characteristics of chromium complexes released from neutralizing process were: anionic-zero valent and low positive charge composition, small molecular volume, mainly combined with ligands through single point coordination and poor tanning ability. The study would provide foundation and reference for developing chromium solidifying methods in neutralizing. KEY WORDS: neutralizing effluent, chromium complex, composition, structure, tanning property CARACTERISTICILE COMPLECŞILOR DE CROM DIN EFLUENTUL DE LA NEUTRALIZAREREZUMAT. Pentru a explica eliberarea cromului din pielea tăbăcită în crom în efluentul de la neutralizare, au fost caracterizate compoziţia, structura şi proprietăţile complecşilor de crom din efluentul de la neutralizare. S-a tăbăcit pulbere de piele cu soluţie de sulfat de crom cu bazicitate de 33% (BCS), apoi pulberea de piele tăbăcită a fost supusă unui proces convenţional de neutralizare pentru a prepara efluentul rezultat în urma acestei operaţiuni (NE). Mai întâi s-au utilizat cromatografia prin schimb ionic (IEC) şi cromatografia prin filtrare cu gel (GFC) pentru a separa NE în vederea studierii compoziţiei sale în crom, apoi s-au combinat spectroscopia de absorbţie în ultraviolet-vizibil (UV) şi spectroscopia în infraroşu cu transformată Fourier (FT-IR) pentru a analiza structura complecşilor de crom din NE; în cele din urmă, cromul din NE a fost utilizat pentru tăbăcire, iar proprietăţile termice ale pulberii de piele tăbăcită au fost măsurate prin analiza termogravimetrică (TG) şi calorimetrie de scanare diferenţială (DSC). Rezultatele au indicat că NE a conţi...

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Recovery and reuse of chromium from chrome tanning waste water aiming towards zero discharge of pollution

Cited by 121 publications

References 6 publications

Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of the adsorption of Cr(VI) onto some selected local adsorbents

Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of the adsorption of Cr(VI) onto some selected local adsorbents

Environmental impacts of Sheba tannery (Ethiopia) effluents on the surrounding water bodies

Characteristics of Chrome Complexes in Neutralizing Effluent

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