Recovery capabilities of Xenopus laevis after exposure to Cadmium and Zinc

Genotoxicity by long-term exposure to the auxinic herbicides 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and dicamba on Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Pisces: Poeciliidae)

“…Finally, it is worth mentioning that the time to recover a basal level of genetic damage can vary greatly depending upon the species. Recovery periods as short as 72 h for fish (Mohanty et al, 2011), of 11e14 days for amphibians (Mouchet et al, 2015;P erez-Iglesias et al, 2018), and up to 21 days for rats (Prado-Ochoa et al, 2016) have been reported. Our current results demonstrated that a period of 14e21 days is enough to recover the basal level of DIC-induced primary DNA damage.…”

“…According to Mohanty et al (2011), the explanation for this recovery process is associated with a selective loss of damaged cells, as previously stated, and/or the onset of the DNA repair process. In this sense, several authors have suggested that the rapid recovery from the genetic damage induced by pesticides is related to the onset of DNA repair systems by DNA repair enzymes through the process of base excision repair and/or nucleotide excision repair, acting in several aquatic organisms (Mohanty et al, 2011;Guilherme et al, 2014;Michel and Vincent-Hubert, 2015;Mouchet et al, 2015;P erez-Iglesias et al, 2018). Further studies are required employing C. decemmaculatus as fish model to solve this scientific conundrum.…”

Xenopus laevis (Daudin, 1802) as a Model Organism for Bioscience: A Historic Review and Perspective

“…In ecotoxicology and reproductive toxicology laboratories, the FETAX assay is routinely employed to investigate mortality, malformations and modifications in molecular mechanisms in response to various environmental factors [ 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 ] ( Figure 1 ). Using this assay, several chemical environmental pollutants (such as benzene, methylmercury, cadmium, zinc and polychlorinated biphenyls) have been found to cause neurodevelopmental toxicity in Xenopus embryos [ 105 , 106 ]. Para-xylene (PX), through the methylation and acetylation of histones, can cause neural apoptosis and developmental delays in the developing Xenopus [ 107 ], also inducing deficits in neuronal structure [ 108 ].…”

Plasticity of blood and liver biomarkers in Physalaemus nattereri exposed to agricultural systems

“…A number of previous studies have also evaluated the genetic damage induced by environmental contaminants, and have demonstrated the recovery of the organisms, which has been attributed to the action of DNA-repairing enzymes, which act through the excision of nucleotides (Michel & Vincent-Hubert, 2015;Mouchet et al, 2015;Pérez-Iglesias et al, 2018). In a study of the tadpoles of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, exposed to cadmium and zinc (separately and combined), Mouchet et al (2015) observed the induction of micronuclei, as well as the capacity of the species to recover from this contamination a week after the exposure was interrupted. These authors concluded that the DNA repair systems of this species are rapid and effective, and that the toxic effects of the cadmium and zinc were thus reversible.…”

“…Despite the rapid recovery observed in these anuran species, the recovery time required to reach a basal level of genetic damage may vary considerably among species (Pérez-Iglesias et al, 2018). While a period of up to 14 days is cited for amphibians (Mouchet et al, 2015), there are still no data on the recovery capacity of the vast majority of species, in particular for adult individuals. Under natural conditions, in addition, the animals are exposed to multiple stressors over a much longer period than that evaluated in most experimental studies (Pérez-Iglesias et al, 2018), which may in uence their damage reversal capacity.…”