Recovery from Covid-19 smell loss: Two-years of follow up

McWilliams, Michael P.; Coelho, Daniel H.; Reiter, Evan R.; Costanzo, Richard M.

doi:10.1016/j.amjoto.2022.103607

Cited by 34 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Our results show that a significant proportion of patients suffer from persistent changes in olfactory and gustatory function more than one year after infection with SARS-CoV-2, corroborating results from other studies [ 21 , 22 ]. Here, 11 of 44 (25%) participants reported persistent changes in smell or taste after a median of 721 days.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Here, 11 of 44 (25%) participants reported persistent changes in smell or taste after a median of 721 days. The few other long-term observation reports, sampling 24 months after infection with SARS-CoV-2, show a self-reported persistent chemosensory dysfunction (PCD) prevalence of 11–61% [ 13 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Most of this cohort had recovered from chemosensory dysfunction within the first 100 days after the first positive PCR test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only a few studies report on PCD two years after infection, showing varied results with a self-reported prevalence of 11–61% [ 13 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Since self-reports tend to poorly correlate and often underestimate psychophysically measured chemosensory dysfunction, it is important to additionally apply psychophysical testing [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two-Year Follow-Up on Chemosensory Dysfunction and Adaptive Immune Response after Infection with SARS-CoV-2 in a Cohort of 44 Healthcare Workers

Schambeck

Mateyka

Burrell

et al. 2022

Life

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Persistent chemosensory dysfunction (PCD) is a common symptom of long-COVID. Chemosensory dysfunction (CD) as well as SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels and CD8+ T-cell immunity were investigated in a cohort of 44 healthcare workers up to a median of 721 days after a positive PCR test. CD was assessed using questionnaires and psychophysical screening tests. After 721 days, 11 of 44 (25%) participants reported PCD, with five describing an impaired quality of life. One participant reported hyperosmia (increased sense of smell). The risk of PCD at 721 days was higher for participants reporting qualitative changes (parosmia (altered smell), dysgeusia (altered taste), or phantosmia (hallucination of smell)) during initial infection than in those with isolated quantitative losses during the first COVID-19 infection (62.5% vs. 7.1%). The main recovery rate occurred within the first 100 days and did not continue until follow-up at 2 years. No correlation was found between antibody levels and CD, but we observed a trend of a higher percentage of T-cell responders in participants with CD. In conclusion, a significant proportion of patients suffer from PCD and impaired quality of life 2 years after initial infection. Qualitative changes in smell or taste during COVID-19 pose a higher risk for PCD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two-Year Follow-Up on Chemosensory Dysfunction and Adaptive Immune Response after Infection with SARS-CoV-2 in a Cohort of 44 Healthcare Workers

Schambeck

Mateyka

Burrell

et al. 2022

Life

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“…Although most patients recover their sense of smell and taste within three months of infection (16), studies have reported long-term impact of COVID-19 on smell and taste for some patients even after they have recovered from COVID-19. For example, a study recruiting patients with symptoms of smell distortion found 83% had long-term distortion of smell related to COVID-19 (17).…”

Section: Sensory Impact Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, a study recruiting patients with symptoms of smell distortion found 83% had long-term distortion of smell related to COVID-19 (17). Similarly, in a longitudinal survey of adults with COVID-19 and sudden change in smell or taste in early 2020, only 38.2% reported a complete recovery of their sense of smell or taste more than 2 years after initial infection (16). Long-term dysfunction of taste and smell can have a significant impact of quality of life, including reduced appetite and enjoyment of food, concern about body odours, and risk of injury (18).…”

Section: Sensory Impact Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of COVID-19 on Food Choices and Eating Behaviour: a study protocol

McCormack

Doughty

Ebron

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background and Aims: Research suggests that many individuals infected with COVID-19 experience changes in taste and smell that can persist for months after the initial infection. These sensory changes can potentially have long-term impacts on dietary choices, nutrition, and body weight. The aim of this study is to explore COVID-related changes in dietary intake among University Students. Methods: A retrospective cohort design will be used to compare a cohort of University Students who experienced COVID-19 infection versus pre-existing data collected from a similar cohort prior to the pandemic. Specifically, the pre-existing data were collected between July 2017 and July 2021. Both datasets comprise of a weighed Food Record and Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. The cohort will also be asked about their experience with COVID-19 and changes in their eating behaviour since before the pandemic. Total daily energy intake, macronutrient intake and composition, will be compared across groups using an ANCOVA analysis controlling for age, gender, and ethnicity. Discussion: Understanding the long-term impact of COVID-19 infection is crucial. While COVID-related sensory changes are hypothesised to have impacts on eating behaviour and dietary choices, it is challenging to perform controlled cohort studies due to the high prevalence of undetected infections. The proposed temporal analyses provide a unique opportunity to test for COVID-related impacts on eating behaviour.

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Topical platelet‐rich plasma as a possible treatment for olfactory dysfunction—A randomized controlled trial

Duffy,

Naimi,

Garvey

et al. 2024

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol

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BackgroundOlfactory dysfunction (OD) affects many survivors of COVID‐19. Prior studies have investigated the use of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) injections for OD. We describe the first randomized controlled trial investigating topical PRP for OD treatment and contribute to existing literature illustrating PRP as an emerging therapeutic.MethodsThis is a single‐blinded, randomized controlled trial conducted from July 2022 to December 2023. Adult patients with OD ≥6 months secondary to COVID‐19 with Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT) scores of ≤8/12 or SCENTinel odor intensity of ≤40/100 were included. Patients were randomized to three, monthly PRP or placebo‐impregnated Surgifoam treatments into bilateral olfactory clefts. The BSIT, SCENTinel, and Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders—Negative Statements (QOD‐NS) were completed monthly through month 12.ResultsOf 104 patients screened, 83 participated. No significant differences in age, OD duration, BSIT, SCENTinel, or QOD‐NS scores were found between PRP (n = 42) and placebo (n = 41) patients at baseline. PRP patients experienced a statistically significant increase in BSIT scores from baseline at months 5‒9, 11, and 12, while placebo patients did not (p < 0.05). However, total BSIT scores were similar between the two groups throughout the study. Neither the SCENTinel odor intensity scores nor the change from baseline were significantly different between the treatment groups. At month 12, PRP patients experienced minor improvement in OD‐related quality‐of‐life compared with placebo.ConclusionsThis study is the first to describe topical PRP as a safe, experimental treatment for OD in humans. PRP may impact odor identification in post‐COVID‐19 OD patients, although the lack of difference in total BSIT scores highlights the need for further study.

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Recovery from Covid-19 smell loss: Two-years of follow up

Cited by 34 publications

References 22 publications

Two-Year Follow-Up on Chemosensory Dysfunction and Adaptive Immune Response after Infection with SARS-CoV-2 in a Cohort of 44 Healthcare Workers

Two-Year Follow-Up on Chemosensory Dysfunction and Adaptive Immune Response after Infection with SARS-CoV-2 in a Cohort of 44 Healthcare Workers

Effect of COVID-19 on Food Choices and Eating Behaviour: a study protocol

Topical platelet‐rich plasma as a possible treatment for olfactory dysfunction—A randomized controlled trial

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