Recovery from discrete wound severities in side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana): implications for energy budget, locomotor performance, and oxidative stress

Hudson, Spencer B.; Virgin, Emily E.; Brodie, Edmund D.; French, Susannah S.

doi:10.1007/s00360-021-01347-z

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…Protein damage, resulting ultimately from the lysing of cells and the release of molecules such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytokines (Basu et al ., 2002 ), serves as the primary signal for many CSR components. Following wounding, markers of oxidative stress, such as antioxidants that mitigate ROS damage, are elevated in both invertebrates and vertebrates, such as in the orb weaver spider Larinia jeskovi (Mouginot et al ., 2020 ) and side‐blotched lizards ( Uta stansburiana ) (Hudson et al ., 2021 ), with levels of expression varying depending on wound location or severity, respectively. It should be noted that, although ROS may be deleterious if left unchecked, they are necessary for inflammatory cell recruitment to the wound site, as demonstrated in D. melanogaster (Razzell et al ., 2013 ) and zebrafish (Niethammer et al ., 2009 ), where they are also critical regulators of later regeneration (Yoo et al ., 2012 ).…”

Section: Effects Of Injury Across Levels Of Biological Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…proteins, carbohydrates) to repair and rebuild damaged tissue. As these resources are limited, they must be strategically allocated among processes, leading to frequent trade‐offs (Archie, 2013 ; Hudson et al ., 2021 ; Maginnis, 2006 b ), such as among injury recovery (e.g. regeneration), growth, and reproduction (Heino & Kaitala, 1999 ).…”

Section: Effects Of Injury Across Levels Of Biological Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the expectation that growth will be inhibited following injury, some studies have found no such relationship or a relationship that is highly context dependent. Some studies on lizards have found no effect of injury on growth rate or body mass (Althoff & Thompson, 1994 ; Hudson et al ., 2021 ; Starostová et al ., 2017 ); in sponges and corals, injury may increase, decrease, or not affect growth (Henry & Hart, 2005 ); and in bivalves, the effect of siphon injury on growth rate is not straightforward and varies among species, habitats, or degrees of damage (Peterson & Quammen, 1982 ; Sasaki et al ., 2002 ; Trevallion, 1971 ), to list just a few examples. This variability suggests that simple energetic trade‐offs are not sufficiently explanatory, and other mechanisms may be the cause of unexpected relationships between injury and growth.…”

Section: Effects Of Injury Across Levels Of Biological Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, weakened body condition resulting from crushing injury in the soft coral Gersemia rubiformis was hypothesized to impair feeding, leading to energetic limitations and subsequent reduced growth rates (Henry, Kenchington & Silvaggio, 2003 ). Such an effect has also been proposed for side‐blotched lizards suffering cutaneous wounds, in which wounding that has no direct impact on feeding structures can still lead to reduced food consumption (Hudson et al ., 2021 ), possibly also due to a general reduction in physiological condition.…”

Section: Effects Of Injury Across Levels Of Biological Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrative biology of injury in animals

Rennolds

Bely

2022

Biological Reviews

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Mechanical injury is a prevalent challenge in the lives of animals with myriad potential consequences for organisms, including reduced fitness and death. Research on animal injury has focused on many aspects, including the frequency and severity of wounding in wild populations, the short‐ and long‐term consequences of injury at different biological scales, and the variation in the response to injury within or among individuals, species, ontogenies, and environmental contexts. However, relevant research is scattered across diverse biological subdisciplines, and the study of the effects of injury has lacked synthesis and coherence. Furthermore, the depth of knowledge across injury biology is highly uneven in terms of scope and taxonomic coverage: much injury research is biomedical in focus, using mammalian model systems and investigating cellular and molecular processes, while research at organismal and higher scales, research that is explicitly comparative, and research on invertebrate and non‐mammalian vertebrate species is less common and often less well integrated into the core body of knowledge about injury. The current state of injury research presents an opportunity to unify conceptually work focusing on a range of relevant questions, to synthesize progress to date, and to identify fruitful avenues for future research. The central aim of this review is to synthesize research concerning the broad range of effects of mechanical injury in animals. We organize reviewed work by four broad and loosely defined levels of biological organization: molecular and cellular effects, physiological and organismal effects, behavioural effects, and ecological and evolutionary effects of injury. Throughout, we highlight the diversity of injury consequences within and among taxonomic groups while emphasizing the gaps in taxonomic coverage, causal understanding, and biological endpoints considered. We additionally discuss the importance of integrating knowledge within and across biological levels, including how initial, localized responses to injury can lead to long‐term consequences at the scale of the individual animal and beyond. We also suggest important avenues for future injury biology research, including distinguishing better between related yet distinct injury phenomena, expanding the subjects of injury research to include a greater variety of species, and testing how intrinsic and extrinsic conditions affect the scope and sensitivity of injury responses. It is our hope that this review will not only strengthen understanding of animal injury but will contribute to building a foundation for a more cohesive field of ‘injury biology’.

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Section: Effects Of Injury Across Levels Of Biological Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Injury Across Levels Of Biological Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Injury Across Levels Of Biological Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Injury Across Levels Of Biological Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Integrative biology of injury in animals

Rennolds

Bely

2022

Biological Reviews

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“…Performancelife-history trade-offs are likely common, yet typically demonstrated only in specific study systems or as isolated studies (Lailvaux and Husak, 2014). For example, experimental immune challenges alter reproductive output (Metcalfe and Graham, 2018;Adamo, 2017) and performance capacities (Zamora-Camacho et al, 2015;Husak et al, 2021;Hudson et al, 2021), whereas increasing investment in locomotion via 'exercise training' reduces reproductive output (Husak et al, 2016;Minter et al, 2018) and alters immunocompetence (Chapman et al, 2015;Wang and Husak, 2020;Altizer et al, 2011). Performance costs are still seldom integrated into the broader aspects of life history despite the energetic costs, relevance to fitness and integrative nature of performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conserved and convergent mechanisms underlying performance–life-history trade-offs

Husak

Lailvaux

2022

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Phenotypic trade-offs are inevitable in nature, but the mechanisms driving them are poorly understood. Movement and oxygen are essential to all animals, and as such, the common ancestor to all living animals passed on mechanisms to acquire oxygen and contract muscle, sometimes at the expense of other activities or expression of traits. Nevertheless, convergent pathways have also evolved to deal with critical trade-offs that are necessary to survive ubiquitous environmental challenges. We discuss how whole-animal performance traits, such as locomotion, are important to fitness, yet costly, resulting in trade-offs with other aspects of the phenotype via specific conserved and convergent mechanistic pathways across all animals. Specifically, we discuss conserved pathways involved in muscle structure and signaling, insulin/insulin-like signaling, sirtuins, mitochondria and hypoxia-inducible factors, as well as convergent pathways involved in energy regulation, development, reproductive investment and energy storage. The details of these mechanisms are only known from a few model systems, and more comparative studies are needed. We make two main recommendations as a framework for future studies of animal form and function. First, studies of performance should consider the broader life-history context of the organism, and vice versa, as performance expression can require a large portion of acquired resources. Second, studies of life histories or mechanistic pathways that measure performance should do so in meaningful and standardized ways. Understanding proximate mechanisms of phenotypic trade-offs will not only better explain the phenotypes of the organisms we study, but also allow predictions about phenotypic variation at the evolutionary scale.

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Sex‐specific effects of immune challenges on green anole lizard metabolism

Duerwachter,

Lewis,

French

et al. 2024

J Exp Zool Pt A

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Immune responses can increase survival, but they can also incur a variety of costs that may lead to phenotypic trade‐offs. The nature of trade‐offs between immune activity and other components of the phenotype can vary and depend on the type and magnitude of immune challenge, as well as the energetic costs of simultaneously expressing other traits. There may also be sex‐specific differences in both immune activity and trade‐offs, particularly with regard to energy expenditure that might differ between males and females during the breeding season. Females are generally expected to invest less in nonspecific immune responses compared to males due to differences in the allocation of resources to reproduction, which may lead to sex differences in the metabolic costs of immunity. We tested for sex‐specific differences in metabolic costs of different types of immune challenges in Anolis carolinensis lizards, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection and wounding. We also tested for differences in immune prioritization by measuring bacterial killing ability (BKA). We predicted males would show a greater increase in metabolism after immune challenges, with combined immune challenges eliciting the greatest response. Furthermore, we predicted that metabolic costs would result in decreased BKA. LPS injection increased the resting metabolic rate (RMR) of males but not females. Wounding did not affect RMR of either sex. However, there was an inverse relationship between BKA and wound healing in LPS‐injected lizards, suggesting dynamic tradeoffs among metabolism and components of the immune system.

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Recovery from discrete wound severities in side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana): implications for energy budget, locomotor performance, and oxidative stress

Cited by 7 publications

References 152 publications

Integrative biology of injury in animals

Integrative biology of injury in animals

Conserved and convergent mechanisms underlying performance–life-history trade-offs

Sex‐specific effects of immune challenges on green anole lizard metabolism

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