Recovery from severe inhalational phosphine poisoning. Report of two cases

Gregorakos, Leonidas; Sakayianni, K; Harizopoulou, Vikentia

doi:10.3109/095630702100304884

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 6 publications

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“…The effects of PH 3 toxicity have been observed in the respiratory tract of exposed individuals, especially concerning shortness of breath and chest pain. Gregorakos et al 21 present two case reports on the effects of inhaled PH 3 . Chest-sound assessment of the lungs revealed diffuse bilateral mid-and endexpiratory rales.…”

Section: Pulmonarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphine toxicity: a story of disrupted mitochondrial metabolism

Sciuto¹,

Wong²,

Martens

et al. 2016

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Rodenticides and pesticides pose a significant threat, not only to the environment, but also directly to humans by way of accidental and/or intentional exposure. Metal phosphides, such as aluminum, magnesium, and zinc phosphides, have gained popularity owing to ease of manufacture and application. These agents and their hydrolysis by-product, phosphine gas (PH3), are more than adequate for eliminating pests, primarily in the grain storage industry. In addition to the potential for accidental exposures in the manufacture and use of these agents, intentional exposures must also be considered. Ingestion of metal phosphides is a well-known suicide route, especially in Asia. An intentional release of PH3 in a populated area cannot be discounted. Metal phosphides cause a wide array of effects that include cellular poisoning, oxidative stress, cholinesterase inhibition, circulatory failure, cardiotoxicity, gastrointestinal and pulmonary toxicity, hepatic damage, neurological toxicity, electrolyte imbalance, and overall metabolic disturbances. Mortality rates often exceed 70%. There are no specific antidotes against metal phosphide poisoning. Current therapeutic intervention is limited to supportive care. The development of beneficial medical countermeasures will rely on investigative mechanistic toxicology; the ultimate goal will be to identify specific treatments and therapeutic windows for intervention.

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Section: Pulmonarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphine toxicity: a story of disrupted mitochondrial metabolism

Sciuto¹,

Wong²,

Martens

et al. 2016

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Development of detection methods for the diagnosis and analysis of highly toxic metal phosphides: A comprehensive and critical review

Mohammadinejad

Rizi

Oskuee

et al. 2021

Biotech and App Biochem

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Metal phosphides, especially aluminum phosphide, and phosphine (PH 3 ) are widely used as insecticides and rodenticides for protection of grains during process of storage and transportation. The main reason of poisoning with this compound is related to the conscious ingestion of salts or accidental inhalation of PH 3 . So the early and accurate diagnosis of poisoning can significantly help to the effective clinical treatment or recognition of death cause. PH 3 is somewhat unstable due to reaction with oxygen or hemoglobin leading to formation of oxy-acids phosphorous. Here, we critically reviewed the literature introducing the quantitative and qualitative methods for the detection of metal phosphides, PH 3 , and its products. This study obviously demonstrates that during past years, different diagnosis methods have been remarkably progressed. Head-space gas chromatography and confirmatory colorimetric methods have been as the most popular techniques. Also, the gas sensors are a promising method that must be more progressed.

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