Recovery from virus infection: plant’s armory in action

Malavika, M; Prakash, Ved; Chakraborty, Supriya

doi:10.1007/s00425-023-04137-9

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…It has been demonstrated that symptom recovery from viral infection can result from the induction of RNAi in the shoot apices of infected plants which depends on the activity of host RDRs (Schwach et al, 2005; Qu et al, 2010; Di Serio et al, 2010; Incarbone et al, 2023; Malavika et al, 2023). To investigate whether CP-RT affects AV2 accumulation in the Shoot Apical Meristem (SAM), longitudinal sections of the top-most flowers and shoot apices from wild type and RDR6i N. benthamiana plants that were either mock infected or infected with AV2, AV2-2st or AV2-mutZF were examined by in situ hybridisation with digoxigenin-labelled AV2 RNA3 probes on 7 and 14 dpi.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recovery from a viral infection can result from the induction of RNAi in the shoot apices of infected plants, which in its turn depends on virus entry into SAM and RDR6 activity (Ratcliff et al, 1999; Schwach et al, 2005; Qu et al, 2010; Di Serio et al, 2010; Bradamante et al, 2021; Incarbone et al, 2023; Hoffman and Incarbone, 2023; Malavika et al, 2023), although in some cases recovery can appear independently of RNAi as a result of transcriptional reprogramming in SAM (Medzihradszky et al, 2019). It has been shown that 16K, the weak VSR of tobacco rattle virus (TRV), allows transient infection of SAM which leads to recovery and long-term virus exclusion, and it was suggested that the weakness of a VSR is a crucial factor ensuring SAM transient infection (Martin-Hernandez and Baulcombe, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondary siRNAs are not only indispensable to further increase the effect of RNAi but also for its systemic spread (Wang et al, 2010; Zhan and Meyers, 2023). Antiviral RNAi is not limited to the infection foci; secondary siRNAs move between cells via plasmodesmata and long distance via phloem to make non-infected tissues resistant to the virus spread or to a subsequent infection of the same virus (Palauqui et al, 1997; Vaistij et al, 2002; Ruiz-Medrano et al, 2004; Xie and Guo, 2006; Zhang et al, 2019; Malavika et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel ilarvirus protein CP-RT is expressed via stop codon readthrough and suppresses RDR6-dependent RNA silencing

Lukhovitskaya,

Brown,

Hua

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Ilarviruses are a relatively understudied but important group of plant RNA viruses that includes a number of crop pathogens. Their genomes comprise three RNA segments encoding two replicase subunits, movement protein, coat protein (CP), and (in some ilarvirus subgroups) a protein that suppresses RNA silencing. Here we report that, in many ilarviruses, RNA3 encodes an additional protein (termed CP-RT) as a result of ribosomal readthrough of the CP stop codon into a short downstream readthrough (RT) ORF. Using asparagus virus 2 as a model, we find that CP-RT is expressed in planta where it functions as a weak suppressor of RNA silencing. CP-RT expression is essential for persistent systemic infection in leaves and shoot apical meristem. CP-RT function is dependent on a putative zinc-finger motif within RT. Replacing the asparagus virus 2 RT with the RT of an ilarvirus from a different subgroup restored the ability to establish persistent infection. These findings open up a new avenue for research on ilarvirus silencing suppression persistent meristem invasion and vertical transmission.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel ilarvirus protein CP-RT is expressed via stop codon readthrough and suppresses RDR6-dependent RNA silencing

Lukhovitskaya,

Brown,

Hua

et al. 2024

Preprint

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show abstract

“…Plant-eating arthropods, nematodes, and fungi serve as the primary vectors for plant viruses [19]. [58]. The precise molecular structure behind the effects of viroids remains not fully comprehended.…”

Section: C) Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine and Deep Learning Approaches for Plant Disease Detection: A Comprehensive Review

Yogesh V. Chimate

2023

IJRITCC

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People have been using edible foods since ancient times, and they continue to be an essential component of a healthy diet and traditional food systems today. Food crops as a major source of human energy intake, and the challenges they face due to biotic and abiotic stress factors, such as pollution, insects, bacteria, and unfavourable weather conditions. Detecting plant diseases in the early stage is critical for ensuring a stable supply of healthy food, and traditional methods of disease detection by experts are lengthy and have some limitations. The use of Machine and Deep learning is a key aspect of precision farming for crop growth monitoring. Plenty ML strategies, including random forest and support vector machines (SVMs), Convolutional Neural Networks, Deep learning as well as image processing have been used to precisely detect, classify, and predict plant diseases. By leveraging machine learning algorithms, farmers and agricultural experts can accurately detect and diagnose crop diseases, enabling them to take appropriate measures to control and prevent further spread of the disease. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the different AI approaches for plant disease identification and control, drawing on a range of research articles in the field. The application of machine learning in agriculture holds promise for improving crop health and increasing yields and represents an important area of innovation for sustainable agriculture in the future.

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“…Secondary siRNAs are not only indispensable to further increase the effect of RNAi but also for its systemic spread [34,36]. Antiviral RNAi is not limited to the infection foci; secondary siRNAs move between cells via plasmodesmata and long distance via phloem to make non-infected tissues resistant to the virus spread or to a subsequent infection of the same virus [37][38][39][40][41][42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel ilarvirus protein CP-RT is expressed via stop codon readthrough and suppresses RDR6-dependent RNA silencing

Lukhovitskaya,

Brown,

Hua

et al. 2024

PLoS Pathog

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ilarviruses are a relatively understudied but important group of plant RNA viruses that includes a number of crop pathogens. Their genomes comprise three RNA segments encoding two replicase subunits, movement protein, coat protein (CP), and (in some ilarvirus subgroups) a protein that suppresses RNA silencing. Here we report that, in many ilarviruses, RNA3 encodes an additional protein (termed CP-RT) as a result of ribosomal readthrough of the CP stop codon into a short downstream readthrough (RT) ORF. Using asparagus virus 2 as a model, we find that CP-RT is expressed in planta where it functions as a weak suppressor of RNA silencing. CP-RT expression is essential for persistent systemic infection in leaves and shoot apical meristem. CP-RT function is dependent on a putative zinc-finger motif within RT. Replacing the asparagus virus 2 RT with the RT of an ilarvirus from a different subgroup restored the ability to establish persistent infection. These findings open up a new avenue for research on ilarvirus silencing suppression, persistent meristem invasion and vertical transmission.

show abstract

Recovery from virus infection: plant’s armory in action

Cited by 10 publications

References 130 publications

A novel ilarvirus protein CP-RT is expressed via stop codon readthrough and suppresses RDR6-dependent RNA silencing

A novel ilarvirus protein CP-RT is expressed via stop codon readthrough and suppresses RDR6-dependent RNA silencing

Machine and Deep Learning Approaches for Plant Disease Detection: A Comprehensive Review

A novel ilarvirus protein CP-RT is expressed via stop codon readthrough and suppresses RDR6-dependent RNA silencing

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