Recovery in skeletal muscle contractile function after prolonged hindlimb immobilization

Fitts, Robert H.; Brimmer, C. J.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1985.59.3.916

Cited by 26 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The good recovery of the fiber population by exercise indicated that most likely many of these immobilization-induced abnormal fiber features were not structurally and functionally detrimental to the muscle itself. It must be kept in mind that we used not only routine histology but also some very specific histochemical techniques to demonstrate and define fiber pathology, and, therefore, in our immobilization group the percentage of fibers showing one or more of the pathological changes was clearly higher than that in the previous hindlimb suspension or immobilization studies in rats (6,7,17,19,21,(24)(25)(26). In other words, our large and sensitive scale of fiber screening resulted in a high number of fibers with some abnormal feature, however, still well maintaining the study design and above-described group comparisons validly and reliably.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Free mobilization and low- to high-intensity exercise in immobilization-induced muscle atrophy

Kannus

Józsa²,

Järvinen

et al. 1998

Journal of Applied Physiology

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After 3 wk of immobilization, the effects of free cage activity and low- and high-intensity treadmill running (8 wk) on the morphology and histochemistry of the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles in male Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated. In both muscles, immobilization produced a significant (P < 0.001) increase in the mean percent area of intramuscular connective tissue (soleus: 18.9% in immobilized left hindlimb vs. 3.6% in nonimmobilized right hindlimb) and in the relative number of muscle fibers with pathological alterations (soleus: 66% in immobilized hindlimb vs. 6% in control), with a simultaneous significant (P < 0.001) decrease in the intramuscular capillary density (soleus: mean capillary density in the immobilized hindlimb only 63% of that in the nonimmobilized hindlimb) and muscle fiber size (soleus type I fibers: mean fiber size in the immobilized hindlimb only 69% of that in the nonimmobilized hindlimb). Many of these changes could not be corrected by free remobilization, whereas low- and high-intensity treadmill running clearly restored the changes toward control levels, the effect being most complete in the high-intensity running group. Collectively, these findings indicate that immobilization-induced pathological structural and histochemical alterations in rat calf muscles are, to a great extent, reversible phenomena if remobilization is intensified by physical training. In this respect, high-intensity exercise seems more beneficial than low-intensity exercise.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Free mobilization and low- to high-intensity exercise in immobilization-induced muscle atrophy

Kannus

Józsa²,

Järvinen

et al. 1998

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…However, the inconveniences of such immobilization treatment may not only be focused on the decrease in the contractile element but may also result in (vi) an increase in the intramuscular connective tissue (Oki et al, 1995), (vii) a reduction in the number of mitochondrias (Rifenberick et al, 1973), and (viii) a decrease in capillary density within the muscle tissue (Jozsa et al, 1990). Hence, a combination of some or all of the earlier changes would lead to a loss of muscle extensibility, strength, and endurance (Kannus et al, 1992a, b) thus contributing to a characteristically slow recovery of the skeletal muscle fibers (Booth and Seider, 1979; Fitts and Brimmer, 1985; Kannus et al, 1992b, 1998a, b; Kvist et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Foot and Ankle Immobilization on Leg and Thigh Muscles' Volume and Morphology: A Case Study Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Grosset¹,

Onambélé-Pearson²

2008

The Anatomical Record

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Our aim was to determine the time course of any changes in muscle volume and shape in the lower limbs following immobilization. A healthy young woman (29 years) had suffered a fracture of the fifth metatarsal of the right foot. MRI scanning of her right thigh and calf muscles had been performed 1 month before the injury (Pre) during a scan initially planned as a teaching tool, 2 days following a 4-week immobilization period (Post), and after a 2-month recovery period (Post12). The results show muscle volume decrements in the triceps surae (TS), quadriceps (Quad), and hamstring (Ham) of 21.9%, 24.1%, and 6.5%, respectively, between the Pre and Post measurements. At Post12, the Quad and TS muscle volumes were still 5.2% and 9.5% lower, compared with the Pre data. The Ham muscle volume, however, was 2.7% greater than at the Pre phase. Following recovery, the increase in individual TS muscles volume was limited to both proximal and medial (with respect to the knee joint) segments of the muscles. These results indicate very substantial and rapid losses in muscle volumes, both proximally and distally to the immobilization site. The results also show that recovery is far from complete up to 2 months post cast removal. The results have implications for the requirements for rehabilitation for orthopedic patients.

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“…Soleus muscle weight, fiber size, and protein content, as well as most functional properties, recover fully in a time roughly equivalent to the duration of reduced loading (Booth and Seider 1979;Fitts and Brimmer 1985;Kas per et al 1990;McNulty et al 1992;Mercier et al 1999;Mitchell and Pavlath 2001;Musacchia et al 1990; Thomason et al 1987;Witzmann et al 1982). Though less well studied, the lesser affected fast-twitch muscles in the ankle plantarflexors seem to recover with a time course comparable to that of the soleus muscle (Booth and Seider 1979;Mitchell and Pavlath 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Functional recovery of the plantarflexor muscle group after hindlimb unloading in the rat

et al. 2004

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Research into skeletal muscle's response to hindlimb unloading (HU) of the rodent has focused on that of the markedly affected slow-twitch anti-gravity muscles (e.g., soleus). However, the ability of the animal to locomote following HU should be best determined by the in vivo functional properties of the muscle groups involved and, to our knowledge, this has not been investigated. Our objective was to determine how the in vivo functional properties of the rat ankle plantarflexor group change after 28 days of HU and during a subsequent 28-day recovery. Rats ( n=48) were unloaded for 28 days after which they were either tested immediately or allowed to recover for 7, 14, or 28 days before being tested. Control rats ( n=61) were tested at comparable times. In vivo functional properties of the ankle plantarflexors were assessed under anesthesia using an isokinetic dynamometer and included determination of the isometric torque-frequency relationship, the concentric torque-ankle angular velocity relationship, and fatigability. Immediately after HU, plantarflexor muscle weight was reduced by 24% but isometric torque production was reduced by 7-9% only at > or =100 Hz and concentric torque production was not significantly affected. However, after 7 days of recovery, in vivo function was more adversely affected; isometric and concentric torques were reduced by 12-33% and 16-36%, respectively, relative to control levels. In vivo plantarflexor function was recovered by 14 days. In conclusion, 28 days of HU has minor adverse effects on the in vivo function of the rat ankle plantarflexors. During the first week of recovery from HU, injury apparently occurs to the plantarflexors resulting in a transient impairment of functional capacity.

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Recovery in skeletal muscle contractile function after prolonged hindlimb immobilization

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Free mobilization and low- to high-intensity exercise in immobilization-induced muscle atrophy

Free mobilization and low- to high-intensity exercise in immobilization-induced muscle atrophy

Effect of Foot and Ankle Immobilization on Leg and Thigh Muscles' Volume and Morphology: A Case Study Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Functional recovery of the plantarflexor muscle group after hindlimb unloading in the rat

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