Recovery of alumina and ferric oxide from Bayer red mud rich in iron by reduction sintering

Li, Xiaobin; Xiao, Weiqiang; Liu, Wei; Liu, Guihua; Peng, Zhihong; Zhou, Qiusheng; Qi, Tiangui

doi:10.1016/s1003-6326(08)60447-1

Cited by 150 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The researchers did not study the recovery of REEs from the leach solution. A similar type of process was applied by Li et al [97]. They observed that when the sintering temperature is higher than 1323 K, the alumina recovery rate decreases rapidly because of complex phase formation.…”

Section: Aluminum Recovery From Bauxite Residue In View Of Iron Titamentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Therefore, it is beneficial to decrease the alumina content before the reductive smelting of bauxite residue. Alumina can be removed from bauxite residue by two processes: (1) hightemperature hydrometallurgy and (2) alkali roasting (sintering) [75,97]. In high-temperature hydrometallurgy, bauxite residue is leached in autoclaves at high temperatures ([260°C) and high alkalinity (molar ratio of Na 2 O to Al 2 O 3 [ 10).…”

Section: Aluminum Recovery From Bauxite Residue In View Of Iron Titamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be due to the formation of CO by reaction between CO 2 generated from the reaction of alumina with sodium carbonate and carbon, which favors the reaction of alumina with sodium carbonate to form sodium aluminate [97].…”

Section: Aluminum Recovery From Bauxite Residue In View Of Iron Titamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recovery of Rare Earths and Other Valuable Metals From Bauxite Residue (Red Mud): A Review

Gerven

Blanpain

Pontikes

et al. 2016

J. Sustain. Metall.

265

140

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The long-term storage of bauxite residue (red mud) is harmful to the environment and the tailing ponds also cover large areas. At the moment there is no largescale utilization of bauxite residue. However, some bauxite residues contain considerable concentrations of rare-earth elements (REEs) and the recovery of these REEs together with(out) other metals and utilization of the generated residue in other applications (e.g., building materials) can solve the storage problem of bauxite residue. This paper reviews the recovery of REEs, possibly alongside other valuable metals, from bauxite residue. REEs can be recovered from bauxite residue by direct leaching or by smelting followed by leaching. The main disadvantages of direct acid leaching are the consumption of large amounts of acid for neutralization, the handling of large volumes of effluents, and the difficulty in using the bauxite residue after leaching. Recovery of iron prior to leaching can improve the economics of the process. However, high alumina in the bauxite residue increases the flux and acid consumption. Therefore, alumina needs to be removed by alkali roasting prior to smelting in order to decrease the flux and acid consumption. The alkali roasting-smeltingleaching process allows recovery of aluminum, iron, titanium, and REEs from bauxite residue. The residue generated in this process can be used in building materials and cementitious binders. Other processes with commercial potential are the Orbite, the pressure leaching, and the acid baking processes.

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Section: Aluminum Recovery From Bauxite Residue In View Of Iron Titamentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Aluminum Recovery From Bauxite Residue In View Of Iron Titamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Recovery of Rare Earths and Other Valuable Metals From Bauxite Residue (Red Mud): A Review

Gerven

Blanpain

Pontikes

et al. 2016

J. Sustain. Metall.

265

140

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show abstract

“…Wanchao Liu 7) obtained an iron recovery rate of 81.4% with direct roasting reduction process from a red mud with 27.93% Fe 2 O 3 and 22.00% Al 2 O 3 and the residuals with Al 2 O 3 were used for building material production. Xiaobin Li 8) adopted a process of reduction-sintering of a red mud with 32.52% Fe 2 O 3 and 18.42% Al 2 O 3 and the recovery rates of iron and alumina were 60.67% and 89.71%, respectively. Compared with these two results, the iron and alumina content of the red mud were not fully recovered, the former high iron recovery rate but low alumina recovery rate and the latter on the contrary.…”

Section: A Comprehensive Static Model Of An Iron Bath Smelting Reductmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Static Model of an Iron Bath Smelting Reduction Process with Thick Slag for Alumina-Rich Iron Ore

Zou

2015

ISIJ Int.

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In order to make comprehensive utilization of alumina-rich iron ore, a two-step three-vessel smelting reduction process is proposed, including the Rotary Hearth Furnace (RHF) for the pre-reduction of aluminarich iron oxide pellet, the Smelting Reduction Vessel (SRV) with a thick slag bath for the final reduction and melting of pellet, and the Gas Reforming Furnace (GRF) for reforming the exhaust gas from SRV. A three-level lances arrangement is designed to improve the energy utilization and production condition of the SRV. An overall process model is established for the whole process to calculate the mass and heat consumptions of all sections of the process, and to investigate the effect of operation conditions on the process performance. With 80% heat transfer efficiency of post combustion, the recommended post combustion ratio (PCR) of the SRV gas is 55% and the pellet metallization rate (PMR) is 80%. A zoned model of the SRV is developed to calculate the mass and heat balances of each reaction zones and especially to optimize the operation conditions. The recommended PCRs in the upper slag and lower slag are 15% and 0% respectively. The coal-only injection method is recommended in the lower slag.KEY WORDS: alumina-rich iron ore; iron bath smelting reduction; thick slag bath; process model; zoned model.

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“…For example, scientists from the U.S. Department of Energy, inspired by the traditional hydrometallurgical method of ion exchange, carried out a series of lab-scale REE extraction tests using ammonium sulfate, an ionic liquid and a deep eutectic solvent as lixiviants, and produced a marked extraction efficiency of REE at least from the selected coal byproducts [32]. Acid leaching incorporated with acid/alkali sintering is a common metallurgical process for metal extraction [33,34], and has been a major technology applied to the recovery of metals like alumina from coal fly ash [35]. As compared with solely resorting to hydrogen fluoride(HF) digestion, which may be too hazardous for large-scale industrial use, pretreatment with an alkaline agent could effectively liberate REE and consequently bring a dramatic increase in REE extractability from Na 2 CO 3 sintering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching Process of Rare Earth Elements, Gallium and Niobium in a Coal-Bearing Strata-Hosted Rare Metal Deposit—A Case Study from the Late Permian Tuff in the Zhongliangshan Mine, Chongqing

Zou

Tian

Wang

2017

Metals

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Abstract:The tuff, a part of coal-bearing strata, in the Zhongliangshan coal mine, Chongqing, southwestern China, hosts a rare metal deposit enriched in rare earth elements (REE), Ga and Nb. However, the extraction techniques directly related to the recovery of rare metals in coal-bearing strata have been little-studied in the literature. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extractability of REE, Ga and Nb in the tuff in the Zhongliangshan mine using the alkaline sintering-water immersion-acid leaching (ASWIAL) method. The results show that ASWIAL can separate and extract REE, Ga and Nb effectively under the optimized conditions of calcining at 860 • C for 0.5 h with a sample to sintering agent ratio of 1:1.5, immersing at 90 • C for 2 h with 150 mL hot water dosage, and leaching using 4 mol/L HCl at 40 • C for 2 h with a liquid-solid ratio of 20:1 (mL:g). The final leaching efficiencies of REE and Ga are up to 85.81% and 93.37%, respectively, whereas the leaching efficiency of Nb is less than 1%, suggesting the high concentration of Nb in the leaching residue, which needs further extraction.

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Recovery of alumina and ferric oxide from Bayer red mud rich in iron by reduction sintering

Cited by 150 publications

References 5 publications

Recovery of Rare Earths and Other Valuable Metals From Bauxite Residue (Red Mud): A Review

Recovery of Rare Earths and Other Valuable Metals From Bauxite Residue (Red Mud): A Review

A Comprehensive Static Model of an Iron Bath Smelting Reduction Process with Thick Slag for Alumina-Rich Iron Ore

Leaching Process of Rare Earth Elements, Gallium and Niobium in a Coal-Bearing Strata-Hosted Rare Metal Deposit—A Case Study from the Late Permian Tuff in the Zhongliangshan Mine, Chongqing

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