Recovery of American chestnut characteristics following hybridization and backcross breeding to restore blight-ravaged Castanea dentata

Diskin, Matthew; Steiner, Kim C.; Hebard, Frederick V.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2005.12.022

Cited by 102 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The success of these fungal strains in the field, however, still needs to be demonstrated. From the host side, blight-resistant chestnut trees have been obtained by backcrossing the resistance to C. parasitica of the Chinese chestnut into the genome of the American chestnut [117]. Recently, a chestnut tree with an increased resistance to chestnut blight was also created using a transgenic approach [118].…”

Section: Chestnut Blightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Host Variability on the Spread of Invasive Forest Diseases

Prospero

Cleary

2017

Forests

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Biological invasions, resulting from deliberate and unintentional species transfers of insects, fungal and oomycete organisms, are a major consequence of globalization and pose a significant threat to biodiversity. Limiting damage by non-indigenous forest pathogens requires an understanding of their current and potential distributions, factors affecting disease spread, and development of appropriate management measures. In this review, we synthesize innate characteristics of invading organisms (notably mating system, reproduction type, and dispersal mechanisms) and key factors of the host population (namely host diversity, host connectivity, and host susceptibility) that govern spread and impact of invasive forest pathogens at various scales post-introduction and establishment. We examine spread dynamics for well-known invasive forest pathogens, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (T. Kowalski) Baral, Queloz, Hosoya, comb. nov., causing ash dieback in Europe, and Cryphonectria parasitica, (Murr.) Barr, causing chestnut blight in both North America and Europe, illustrating the importance of host variability (diversity, connectivity, susceptibility) in their invasion success. While alien pathogen entry has proven difficult to control, and new biological introductions are indeed inevitable, elucidating the key processes underlying host variability is crucial for scientists and managers aimed at developing effective strategies to prevent future movement of organisms and preserve intact ecosystems.

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Section: Chestnut Blightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Host Variability on the Spread of Invasive Forest Diseases

Prospero

Cleary

2017

Forests

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“…Chinese chestnuts (Castanea mollissima Blume), which coevolved with the pathogen and have high levels of resistance, were crossed with remnant mature American chestnuts (not resprouts) that escaped the blight or exhibited some level of resistance [3][4][5]. Subsequent generations demonstrating blight resistance were backcrossed with American chestnut to conserve as much of the original American chestnut phenotype as possible while still conferring blight resistance from Chinese chestnut [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Use of Tree Shelters for Direct Seeding of Castanea on a Surface Mine in Appalachia

Barton

Miller

Sena

et al. 2015

Forests

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American chestnut (Castanea dentata), once a primary constituent of the eastern hardwood forest ecosystem, was nearly extirpated from the forest canopy by the accidental introduction of chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica). An intensive breeding program has sought to breed blight resistance from Chinese chestnut into American chestnuts, while maintaining as much of the desirable American chestnut phenotypes as possible. Previous studies suggest that these blight resistant American chestnuts, termed "restoration chestnuts", are capable of thriving on reclaimed surface mines. We direct seeded pure Chinese, pure American, and three backcross lines into brown sandstone minesoil on a mine site in Pike County, KY. To investigate the effects of tree sheltering on survival and growth, we installed tree shelters on half the plots, and left the rest of the plots unsheltered. Results indicated that shelters were highly effective at reducing initial mortality. In addition, while pure Chinese chestnut survival was highest, the three backcross lines have also survived well on this site. Our study demonstrates that American, Chinese, and backcrossed chestnuts can survive through five growing seasons on reclaimed surface mines with the use of tree shelters. OPEN ACCESSForests 2015, 6 3515

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“…Efforts to introduce resistance from Chinese chestnut into American chestnut by backcross breeding (Hebard 1994(Hebard , 2006aDiskin et al 2006) have produced many promising backcross trees. Recent advances in genomics of chestnut raise the possibility of the identification and map-based cloning of disease resistance genes from Chinese chestnut .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most suitable species for a genomic platform in Castanea is C. mollissima, given its importance as a source of host resistance to C. parasitica (Graves 1950;Clapper 1952;Kubisiak et al 1997;Diskin et al 2006). The first focus of our genomic approach was to develop a large set of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from C. mollissima and C. dentata by high-throughput 454 sequencing (Barakat et al 2009, resulting in a large database of ESTs for Castanea (http:// www.fagaceae.org).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A transcriptome-based genetic map of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) and identification of regions of segmental homology with peach (Prunus persica)

Kubisiak

Nelson

Staton

et al. 2012

Tree Genetics & Genomes

126

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The Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) carries resistance to Cryphonectria parasitica, the fungal pathogen inciting chestnut blight. The pathogen, introduced from Asia, devastated the American chestnut (Castanea dentata) throughout its native range early in the twentieth century. A highly informative genetic map of Chinese chestnut was constructed to extend genomic studies in the Fagaceae and to aid the introgression of Chinese chestnut blight resistance genes into American chestnut. Two mapping populations were established with three Chinese chestnut parents, 'Mahogany', 'Nanking', and 'Vanuxem', totaling 337 progeny. The transcriptome-based genetic map was created with 329 simple sequence repeat and 1,064 single nucleotide polymorphism markers all derived from expressed sequence tag sequences. Genetic maps for each parent were developed and combined to establish 12 consensus linkage groups spanning 742 cM, providing the the most comprehensive genetic map for a Fagaceae species to date. Over 75 % of the mapped markers from the Chinese chestnut consensus genetic map were placed on the physical map using overgo hybridization, providing a fully integrated genetic and physical map resource for Castanea spp. About half (57 %) of the Chinese chestnut genetic map could be assigned to regions of segmental homology with 58 % of the peach (Prunus persica) genome assembly. A three quantitative trait loci (QTL) model for blight resistance was verified using the new genetic markers and an existing interspecies (C. mollissima × C. dentata) F 2 mapping population. Two of the blight resistance QTLs in chestnut shared synteny with two QTLs for powdery mildew resistance in peach, indicating the potential conservation of disease resistance genes at these loci.

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Recovery of American chestnut characteristics following hybridization and backcross breeding to restore blight-ravaged Castanea dentata

Cited by 102 publications

References 8 publications

Effects of Host Variability on the Spread of Invasive Forest Diseases

Effects of Host Variability on the Spread of Invasive Forest Diseases

Evaluating the Use of Tree Shelters for Direct Seeding of Castanea on a Surface Mine in Appalachia

A transcriptome-based genetic map of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) and identification of regions of segmental homology with peach (Prunus persica)

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