Recovery of carbon from spent carbon cathode by alkaline and acid leaching and thermal treatment and exploration of its application in lithium-ion batteries

Zhou, Hao; Zhang, Dayong; Jiang, Yongjun; Zeng, Bo; Zhao, Chenxi; Zhang, Mingjie; Zeng, Baiyan; Zhu, Xiaoquan; Su, Xintai; Romanovski, Valentin; Bi, Ran

doi:10.1007/s11356-023-30404-z

Environ Sci Pollut Res

2023

DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30404-z

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Recovery of carbon from spent carbon cathode by alkaline and acid leaching and thermal treatment and exploration of its application in lithium-ion batteries

Hao Zhou,

Dayong Zhang,

Yongjun Jiang

et al.

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Cited by 9 publications

References 42 publications

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A Comprehensive Evaluation Framework for Lithium Iron Phosphate Cathode Relithiation Techniques: Balancing Production Costs, Electrochemical Performance, and Environmental Impact

Beletskii,

Volkov,

Evshchik

et al. 2024

Energy & Environ Materials

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Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) has found many applications in the field of electric vehicles and energy storage systems. However, the increasing volume of end‐of‐life LFP batteries poses an urgent challenge in terms of environmental sustainability and resource management. Therefore, the development and implementation of efficient LFP battery recycling methods are crucial to address these challenges. This article presents a novel, comprehensive evaluation framework for comparing different lithium iron phosphate relithiation techniques. The framework includes three main sets of criteria: direct production cost, electrochemical performance, and environmental impact. Each criterion is scored on a scale of 0–100, with higher scores indicating better performance. The direct production cost is rated based on material costs, energy consumption, key equipment costs, process duration and space requirements. Electrochemical performance is assessed by rate capability and cycle stability. Environmental impact is assessed based on CO2 emissions. The framework provides a standardized technique for researchers and industry professionals to objectively compare relithiation methods, facilitating the identification of the most promising approaches for further development and scale‐up. The total average score across the three criterion groups for electrochemical, chemical, and hydrothermal relithiation methods was approximately 60 points, while sintering scored 39 points, making it the least attractive relithiation technique. Combining approaches outlined in publications with scores exceeding 60, a relithiation scheme was proposed to achieve optimal electrochemical performance with minimal resource consumption and environmental impact. The results demonstrate the framework's applicability and highlight areas for future research and optimization in lithium iron phosphate cathode recycling.

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A Comprehensive Evaluation Framework for Lithium Iron Phosphate Cathode Relithiation Techniques: Balancing Production Costs, Electrochemical Performance, and Environmental Impact

Beletskii,

Volkov,

Evshchik

et al. 2024

Energy & Environ Materials

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High Strength Anhydrite Cement Based on Lime Mud From Water Treatment Process: One Step Synthesis in Water Environment, Characterization and Technological Parameters

Kamarou,

Tan,

Moskovskikh

et al. 2024

Engineering Reports

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In the process of water treatment from surface water sources, lime mud as waste is formed. This waste contains CaO, Ca(OH)2, and CaCO3. The article proposes a comprehensive method for processing lime mud into high‐strength anhydrite cement. The method involves the interaction of lime mud with waste sulfuric acid from the production of polymer fibers using a structure‐controlled method in the (CaO·Ca(OH)2·CaCO3)—H2SO4—H2O system at a temperature of 40°C. X‐ray diffraction analysis showed the presence of CaSO4 and CaSO4·0.62H2O phases with a purity of 99.8%. The structure‐controlled method makes it possible to control the formation and growth of calcium sulfate crystals of the required shape and size, due to which it is possible to obtain anhydrite cement with desired properties. Combined grinding of synthetic anhydrite with activator additives makes it possible to obtain anhydrite cement with a strength of up to 28.5 MPa.

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The recycling of carbon-rich solid wastes from aluminum electrolytic cells: a review

Ma,

Qiu,

Tang

et al. 2024

Environ Chem Lett

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Recovery of carbon from spent carbon cathode by alkaline and acid leaching and thermal treatment and exploration of its application in lithium-ion batteries

Cited by 9 publications

References 42 publications

A Comprehensive Evaluation Framework for Lithium Iron Phosphate Cathode Relithiation Techniques: Balancing Production Costs, Electrochemical Performance, and Environmental Impact

A Comprehensive Evaluation Framework for Lithium Iron Phosphate Cathode Relithiation Techniques: Balancing Production Costs, Electrochemical Performance, and Environmental Impact

High Strength Anhydrite Cement Based on Lime Mud From Water Treatment Process: One Step Synthesis in Water Environment, Characterization and Technological Parameters

The recycling of carbon-rich solid wastes from aluminum electrolytic cells: a review

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