Recovery of
            <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>
            from Sputum Treated with Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride

Sankar, Manimuthu Mani; Kumar, Parveen; Munawwar, Arshi; Singh, Jitendra; Parashar, Deepak; Singh, Sarman

doi:10.1128/jcm.01295-09

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This was further evident from the fact that no contact from the families of these index cases developed secondary tuberculosis. The TTP obtained in this study with regard to AFB load, it was comparable to our previous study [28]. Here, sputum samples from 1206 contacts were cultured for TB and overall we identified 6.9% of household contacts were culture positive for M. tuberculosis .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Incidence and Prevalence of Tuberculosis among Household Contacts of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in a Peri-Urban Population of South Delhi, India

et al. 2013

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BackgroundTuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity across all age groups throughout the world, especially in developing countries.Methodology/Principal FindingsIn this study, we have included 432 open index cases with their 1608 household contacts in a prospective cohort study conducted from May 2007 to March 2009. The follow-up period was 2 years. All Index cases were diagnosed on the basis of suggestive signs and symptoms and sputum being AFB positive. Among the 432 index patients, 250 (57.9%) were males and 182 (42.1%) females; with mean age of 34±14.4 yr and 26±11.1 yr, respectively. Out of 1608 household contacts, 866 (53.9%) were males and 742 (46.1%) females; with mean age of 26.5±15.8 and 26.5±16.0 yr, respectively. Of the total 432 households, 304 (70.4%) had ≤4 members and 128 (29.6%) had ≥5 members. The median size of the family was four. Of the 1608 contacts, 1206 were able to provide sputum samples, of whom 83 (6.9%) were found MTB culture positive. Household contacts belonging to adult age group were predominantly (74, 89.2%) infected as compared to the children (9, 10.8%). On screening the contact relationship status with index patients, 52 (62.7%) were first-degree relatives, 18 (34.6%) second-degree relatives and 12 (14.5%) spouses who got infected from their respective index patients. Co-prevalent and incident tuberculosis was found in 52 (4.3%) and 31 (2.6%) contacts, respectively. In incident cases, the diagnosis could be made between 4 to 24 months of follow-up, after their baseline evaluation.ConclusionActive household contact investigation is a powerful tool to detect and treat tuberculosis at early stages and the only method to control TB in high-TB-burden countries.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Incidence and Prevalence of Tuberculosis among Household Contacts of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in a Peri-Urban Population of South Delhi, India

et al. 2013

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“…After it was centrifuged at 3000 g for 15 mins, the supernatant was discarded and a portion of the deposits was used for culture. 16,17 Portion of each specimen sediment (0.5mL) was inoculated into BACTEC MGIT 960 (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ07417, USA) media and incubated in an automated BACTEC MGIT 960TM machine (Becton Dickinson Diagnostic Instrument Systems) for a maximum of 42 days. Cultures exhibiting growth were subjected to light microscopy for the presence of acid-fast bacteria using Ziehl-Neelsen stain and tested by Capilia TB-Neo rapid test.…”

Section: Sputum Sample Collection Processing and Culturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Evaluation of Peripheral Blood Parameters of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Comparative Study</p>

Kahase

Solomon

Alemayehu

2020

JBM

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Background and Aim: Pulmonary tuberculosis is still among the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia. Different hematological abnormalities are commonly associated with pulmonary tuberculosis even though inconsistent results have been described. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the hematological parameters of pulmonary tuberculosis patients visited St. Paul's hospital millennium medical college, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: From April to September 2018, a comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among pulmonary tuberculosis patients (n=40) and control patients (n=40). About 5 mL venous blood and 2-5 mL sputum samples were collected and examined by Cell Dyn 1800 hematology analyzer and cultured using Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (BACTEC MGIT 960), respectively. Independent t-test was performed with the help of SPSS version 20 software, and p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant difference. Results: The proportion of male to female in the pulmonary tuberculosis patients (PTB) and the control patients was 1.7 (25/15). Two-sample independent t-test revealed that the mean values of hemoglobin level (P=0.002), hematocrit (P=0.018), mean cell hemoglobin concentration (P=0.001) and relative lymphocyte percentage (P=0.036) of PTB were significantly lower than the control group. Moreover, significantly higher mean values were also observed in total white blood cell count (P=0.004), platelet count (P<0.001) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P<0.001). Among the hematologic abnormalities detected, thrombocytosis and anemia presented in 65% and 25% of PTB patients, respectively. Conclusion: Statistically significant mean differences were observed in hemoglobin, hematocrit (HCT), MCHC, relative lymphocyte percentage, WBC, platelet count, relative neutrophil percentage and ESR values. So, the utilization of such data is important in providing preliminary information for diagnosis and management of pulmonary tuberculosis. In fact, a further large scale study is needed to substantiate this finding.

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“…Once preserved specimens have reached the culture laboratory, a centrifugation step without refrigeration is necessary to remove the preservative prior to culture (12). In addition, previous studies have shown the negative effects of CPC on microscopic examination and culture systems, including (i) a significant reduction in the detection of AFB with Ziehl-Neelsen staining (14,16); (ii) an inhibition of mycobacterial growth, especially when inoculated into culture media, including Middlebrook 7H9 and 7H10 media, which have an insufficient neutralizing activity for this quaternary ammonium compound (17); and (iii) a negative effect on the Bactec MGIT 960 system, decreasing the mycobacterial detection rate and increasing the time required for mycobacterial growth readings (13). Therefore, these findings suggest a need for a simpler and cost-effective alternative to the current WHO recommendations for conducting epidemiological and drug resistance studies in resource-poor settings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rate of Recovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Frozen Acid-Fast-Bacillus Smear-Positive Sputum Samples Subjected to Long-Term Storage in Northwest Ethiopia

et al. 2011

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Tuberculosis is a major public health problem in Ethiopia. The diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis remain a challenge in the country. This study aimed to assess whether single morning sputum samples could be stored at ؊20°C for extended periods of time at remote settings and then transported and successfully cultured for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Single morning sputum samples were collected from all smear-positive tuberculosis patients diagnosed at Gondar Hospital, Gondar Health Center, Metemma Hospital, Bahir Dar Hospital, and Debre Markos Hospital in Northwest Ethiopia between March and July 2009. Specimens were stored at the study sites and sent to the mycobacteriology laboratory at the University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany, where specimens were processed and inoculated into the BacT/Alert 3D system and Lowenstein-Jensen and Gottsacker media. Ice packs were added in the package of the specimens during transport. A total of 319 patients were enrolled in this study. The median specimen storage time was 132 days (range, 16 to 180 days). Of all specimens, 283 (88.7%) were culture positive by any of the three culturing systems. M. tuberculosis isolates from four contaminated specimens in all culturing systems were successfully isolated on Middlebrook 7H10 agar; thereby, the recovery rate increased to 287 (90.0%). The length of time of sputum storage had no significant effect on the rate of recovery of M. tuberculosis in all culturing systems. In conclusion, single morning sputum specimens collected at remote settings stored at ؊20°C for long periods of time without the addition of preservatives can yield a high recovery rate. These findings suggest a simple and cost-effective alternative method of sputum storage for epidemiological and drug resistance studies in lowresource countries.

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Recovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Sputum Treated with Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride

Cited by 17 publications

References 5 publications

Incidence and Prevalence of Tuberculosis among Household Contacts of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in a Peri-Urban Population of South Delhi, India

Incidence and Prevalence of Tuberculosis among Household Contacts of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in a Peri-Urban Population of South Delhi, India

<p>Evaluation of Peripheral Blood Parameters of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Comparative Study</p>

Rate of Recovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Frozen Acid-Fast-Bacillus Smear-Positive Sputum Samples Subjected to Long-Term Storage in Northwest Ethiopia

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