Recovery of indium from In2O3 and liquid crystal display powder via a chloride volatilization process using polyvinyl chloride

Park, Kye Sung; Sato, Wakana; Grause, Guido; Kameda, Tomohito; Yoshioka, Toshiaki

doi:10.1016/j.tca.2009.03.003

Cited by 107 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Ground powder sample of LCD-waste was usually recommended for the recovery of indium by solvent-induced extraction [9,45]. However, we assumed the possibility of indium dissolution from the unground LCD-waste using the chelants with the aid of the microwave exposure because it facilitates the dispersion of heat energy within the reaction system via the excitation of molecules [30].…”

Section: Ground Powder Vs Unground Lcd-waste: Effect Of Chelant-assimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, other than the refinery production, the reclaim processing of indium from secondary materials also become important [1,2,4]. The ITO-scrap is the most potential secondary resource of indium that extensively studied for the recovery of indium [3][4][5][6], while the etching waste [7,8] and the LCD powder [4,9,10] are the other prospective waste resources of indium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides the environmental impact, an assuming possibility of indium-induced cytotoxicity and the risk for interstitial lung damage due to the emission of sparingly soluble indium compounds from the ITO manufacturing and recycling plant have been reported [8,13,14]. Although the reclamation of indium from LCD-waste using a safer and cleaner process is becoming an increasing concern in terms of the economics, environment or owing to the possibility of toxic exposure, a few research reports are available in the literature [4,9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Chelant-induced reclamation of indium from the spent liquid crystal display panels with the aid of microwave irradiation

Hasegawa¹,

Rahman²,

Egawa³

et al. 2013

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Section: Ground Powder Vs Unground Lcd-waste: Effect Of Chelant-assimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Chelant-induced reclamation of indium from the spent liquid crystal display panels with the aid of microwave irradiation

Hasegawa¹,

Rahman²,

Egawa³

et al. 2013

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…The other prospective waste resources of indium are the etching waste [1,8] and the LCD powder [6,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the study on the indium recovery from the EoL LCDs, termed as ITO-glass hereafter, is becoming economically and environmentally justified, the number of reports in literature is by far very limited [6,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of indium from end-of-life liquid-crystal display panels using aminopolycarboxylate chelants with the aid of mechanochemical treatment

Hasegawa

Rahman

Egawa

et al. 2013

Microchemical Journal

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The metal indium termed as 'rare' in recent days due to its increasing demand in the formulations of electronic and energy-related gadgets and scarce supply resources. Hence, the attempts to recover indium from the secondary resources, such as recycling of the indium abundant waste materials, received increasing research focus. The major indium consumption happens in the form of indium tin oxide (ITO) that used for the fabrication of liquid-crystal displays (LCD). The end-of-life LCD screens, termed as ITO-glass hereafter, are an emerging contributor to the global e-waste load and can be an impending secondary source of indium.The present work introduces a new technique for the treatment of waste ITO-glass using aminopolycarboxylate chelants (APCs) in combination with a mechanochemical treatment process. APCs are capable of forming stable complexes with the indium deposited on the ITO-glass, whereas the rate of recovery was not substantial. The mechanochemical treatment induces the destruction of crystalline structure with which the ITO fragments are attached and facilitate the increased indium dissolution with the chelants. The increase was more prominent followed by a decrease in the cumulative processing time from 24 to 6 h when the vitrified ITO-glass was simultaneously crushed and washed with the chelants. The extraction of indium was better at the acidic pH condition, and it was further intensified when the operating temperature was raised to ≥ 120 °C. Keywords:Indium; Indium tin oxide; Liquid crystal display; Waste; Recovery; Mechanochemical treatment Microchemical Journal (In Press). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2012.08.010 3 IntroductionIndium has emerged as an important strategic element in electronic and energy-related industries due to its specific applications [1,2]. The most important end use of indium in recent years is to manufacture indium-tin oxide (ITO) thin film, an optoelectronic material with the characteristics of transparency to visible light, electric conduction and thermal reflection [2,3]. ITO thin film is widely used in designing liquid-crystal displays (LCD), plasma displays and solar-energy cell [3], and consume about two-third of the global indium production [4].Indium has no ore of its own and is generally found in low concentrations in some sulphide ores of zinc, copper and lead, from which it is procured as a by-product [5]. The technology revolution created an increasing demand for indium while the boom in its price is due to the policies of the nations with indium reserves (e.g. China, South Korea). Hence, the recovery of indium from the waste resources received sincere focus from the researches [4-6].The ITO-scrap resulted from the ITO ceramic target during the conversion and application of ITO thin films on glass panels using the DC magnetron sputtering process is the most potential secondary resource of indium [2,3,6,7]. The other prospective waste resources of indium are the etching waste [1,8] and the LCD powder [6,9].The end-of-life (EoL) LCDs are a gr...

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Recycling of Critical Metals from Light‐Emitting Diodes

Peer,

Fehn,

Hofmann

et al. 2024

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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Light‐emitting diodes (LED) are widely used for energy savings. A lot of different materials and especially metals are needed to produce LED. End‐of‐life LED contain critical metals like indium or rare earth elements. In this study, first a thermochemical step is used to recover the critical metal indium from LED with hydrochloric acid‐containing vapor from polyvinyl chloride as chlorine source. Then, the LED residue is leached with sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide. From the leachate, the heavy rare earth element lutetium can be extracted with n‐octanol and tributyl phosphate.

show abstract

Recovery of indium from In2O3 and liquid crystal display powder via a chloride volatilization process using polyvinyl chloride

Cited by 107 publications

References 13 publications

Chelant-induced reclamation of indium from the spent liquid crystal display panels with the aid of microwave irradiation

Chelant-induced reclamation of indium from the spent liquid crystal display panels with the aid of microwave irradiation

Recovery of indium from end-of-life liquid-crystal display panels using aminopolycarboxylate chelants with the aid of mechanochemical treatment

Recycling of Critical Metals from Light‐Emitting Diodes

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