Recovery of indium from used LCD panel by a time efficient and environmentally sound method assisted HEBM

Lee, Cheol-Hee; Jeong, Mi-Kyung; Kılıçaslan, M. Fatih; Lee, Sang-Kwon; Hong, Hyun‐Seon; Hong, Soon‐Jik

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2012.10.002

Cited by 103 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…With a non-thermal process, Kano et al (2009) recovered indium (In) through mechanochemical reduction of In 2 O 3 /ITO by milling with Li 3 N under a non-oxidative state of NH 3 and/or N 2 gas environment. Lee et al (2013) recovered In from spent liquid crystal display (LCD) panels assisted with high energy ball milling and acid leaching. Shibata et al (2011Shibata et al ( , 2012) used a mechanochemical method to recover tungsten and cobalt from tungsten carbide tool wastes.…”

Section: Contents Lists Available At Sciencedirectmentioning

confidence: 99%

An environmental benign process for cobalt and lithium recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries by mechanochemical approach

2016

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a b s t r a c tIn the current study, an environmental benign process namely mechanochemical approach was developed for cobalt and lithium recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The main merit of the process was that neither corrosive acid nor strong oxidant was applied. In the proposed process, lithium cobalt oxide (obtained from spent LIBs) was firstly co-grinded with various additives in a hermetic ball milling system, then Co and Li could be easily recovered by a water leaching procedure. It was found that EDTA was the most suitable co-grinding reagent, and 98% of Co and 99% of Li were respectively recovered under optimum conditions: LiCoO 2 to EDTA mass ratio 1:4, milling time 4 h, rotary speed 600 r/min and ball-to-powder mass ratio 80:1, respectively. Mechanisms study implied that lone pair electrons provided by two nitrogen atoms and four hydroxyl oxygen atoms of EDTA could enter the empty orbit of Co and Li by solid-solid reaction, thus forming stable and water-soluble metal chelates Li-EDTA and Co-EDTA. Moreover, the separation of Co and Li could be achieved through a chemical precipitation approach. This study provides a high efficiency and environmentally friendly process for Co and Li recovery from spent LIBs.

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Section: Contents Lists Available At Sciencedirectmentioning

confidence: 99%

An environmental benign process for cobalt and lithium recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries by mechanochemical approach

2016

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“…This concentrated use of one element in a particular set of WEEE devices could provide a basis for successful recycling [9][10][11]. Although a number of studies have been published, a full recycling of LCD panels has not been developed [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Hence, recovery of indium from WEEE is not yet being carried out [1,2,30].…”

Section: End-of-life (Eol) Lcds Account For Up To 90% Of the Indium-bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various studies present methodologies for the recovery of indium from LCD panels using mechanical, thermal, and pyro-and hydrometallurgical approaches [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Most of the studies focus on the recovery of indium alone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential and Recycling Strategies for LCD Panels from WEEE

et al. 2017

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Indium is one of the strategically important materials, which have been characterized as critical by various industrialized countries. Despite its high relevance, only low recycling rates are realized. Its main application is in indium tin oxide (ITO), which is used in the production of liquid crystal displays (LCD). However, recovery strategies for indium from LCDs are not yet being implemented in recycling practices. Although LCDs consist of a sandwich compound with additional materials such as glass (80% ± 5%) and polarizer foils (20% ± 5%), recently published recycling approaches focus mainly on the recovery of indium exclusively. This study, first of all, provides information about the quantity and quality of the materials applied in the LCD panels of the various equipment types investigated, such as notebooks, tablets, mobile phones, smartphones, PC monitors, and LCD TVs. The highest indium mass fraction per mass of LCD was determined in mobile phones and the least indium was found in smartphones. Additionally, we found the significant use of contaminating metals like antimony, arsenic, lead, and strontium in the glass fraction. Thus, specific recovery strategies should focus on selected equipment types with the highest indium potential, which is directly related to the sales of new devices and the number of collected end-of-life devices. Secondly, we have developed and successfully tested a novel recycling approach for separating the sandwich compound to provide single output fractions of panel glass, polarizer foils, and an indium concentrate for subsequent recycling. Unfortunately, the strongly varying content of contaminating metals jeopardizes the recycling of this output fraction. Nonetheless, economic recycling approaches need to address all materials contained, in particular those with the highest share in LCD panels such as polarizer foils and panel glass.

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“…A number of methods of obtaining solutions of indium tin oxide films have been described including chloride volatilisation [22,23], alkali leaching with molten NaOH [24] and sodium hydroxide solutions [25], acid leaching, using for example HCl, HNO3, H2SO4 and HF [26][27][28][29][30][31], assisted in some cases by physical methods such as high energy ball-milling [29], microwaveassisted digestion [30] and cross-current leaching [31]. Recovery of indium leached into solution by these methods is achieved through cementation with a metal such as Zn to give indium sponge [24,26,28,31]; precipitation as an indium hydroxide phase [25,29]; and concentration in solution by solvent extraction using standard procedures [27] or as part of a mechanochemical extraction of indium from LCD glass with aminopolycarbonates [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recovery of indium leached into solution by these methods is achieved through cementation with a metal such as Zn to give indium sponge [24,26,28,31]; precipitation as an indium hydroxide phase [25,29]; and concentration in solution by solvent extraction using standard procedures [27] or as part of a mechanochemical extraction of indium from LCD glass with aminopolycarbonates [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of critical metals from dilute leach solutions – Separation of indium from tin and lead

Grimes

Yasri

Chaudhary

2017

Inorganica Chimica Acta

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The strategic metal indium is recovered from solutions containing tin and lead that are typical of those obtained from leach solutions of metal component fractions of electronic waste including the leach solutions from indium tin oxide thin film conductive layers that contain only indium and tin. Almost total recovery of the metals can be achieved from nitric, perchloric and acetic acid leach solutions using a novel cylindrical mesh electrode electrolysis cell under appropriate conditions. The optimum separation of indium from tin and lead is achieved by a novel three-

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Recovery of indium from used LCD panel by a time efficient and environmentally sound method assisted HEBM

Cited by 103 publications

References 15 publications

An environmental benign process for cobalt and lithium recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries by mechanochemical approach

An environmental benign process for cobalt and lithium recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries by mechanochemical approach

Potential and Recycling Strategies for LCD Panels from WEEE

Recovery of critical metals from dilute leach solutions – Separation of indium from tin and lead

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