Recovery of indium from used indium–tin oxide (ITO) targets

Li, Yuhu; Liu, Zhihong; Li, Qihou; Liu, Zhiyong; Zeng, Li

doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2010.09.006

Cited by 169 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The contents of other elements in the extract except In and Sn was below 14 mg kg -1 . The ITO-target mainly composed of In 2 O 3 and SnO 2 at a mass ratio of 9:1 [29], which is applied on glass panels using DC magnetron sputtering process for the fabrication of LCD panels [3]. Therefore, such data pattern from the chemical analysis is expected.…”

Section: Chemical Analysis Of the Lcd-wastementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most important end use of indium in recent years is to manufacture indium-tin oxide (ITO), which consume about two-third of the global indium production [2]. ITO, the Sn-doped In 2 O 3 , is widely used to fabricate various optoelectronic devices, such as, liquid-crystal displays (LCD), plasma displays and solar-energy cell [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, other than the refinery production, the reclaim processing of indium from secondary materials also become important [1,2,4]. The ITO-scrap is the most potential secondary resource of indium that extensively studied for the recovery of indium [3][4][5][6], while the etching waste [7,8] and the LCD powder [4,9,10] are the other prospective waste resources of indium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Chelant-induced reclamation of indium from the spent liquid crystal display panels with the aid of microwave irradiation

Hasegawa¹,

Rahman²,

Egawa³

et al. 2013

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Section: Chemical Analysis Of the Lcd-wastementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Chelant-induced reclamation of indium from the spent liquid crystal display panels with the aid of microwave irradiation

Hasegawa¹,

Rahman²,

Egawa³

et al. 2013

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…The most important end use of indium in recent years is to manufacture indium-tin oxide (ITO) thin film, an optoelectronic material with the characteristics of transparency to visible light, electric conduction and thermal reflection [2,3]. ITO thin film is widely used in designing liquid-crystal displays (LCD), plasma displays and solar-energy cell [3], and consume about two-third of the global indium production [4].Indium has no ore of its own and is generally found in low concentrations in some sulphide ores of zinc, copper and lead, from which it is procured as a by-product [5]. The technology revolution created an increasing demand for indium while the boom in its price is due to the policies of the nations with indium reserves (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of indium from end-of-life liquid-crystal display panels using aminopolycarboxylate chelants with the aid of mechanochemical treatment

Hasegawa

Rahman

Egawa

et al. 2013

Microchemical Journal

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The metal indium termed as 'rare' in recent days due to its increasing demand in the formulations of electronic and energy-related gadgets and scarce supply resources. Hence, the attempts to recover indium from the secondary resources, such as recycling of the indium abundant waste materials, received increasing research focus. The major indium consumption happens in the form of indium tin oxide (ITO) that used for the fabrication of liquid-crystal displays (LCD). The end-of-life LCD screens, termed as ITO-glass hereafter, are an emerging contributor to the global e-waste load and can be an impending secondary source of indium.The present work introduces a new technique for the treatment of waste ITO-glass using aminopolycarboxylate chelants (APCs) in combination with a mechanochemical treatment process. APCs are capable of forming stable complexes with the indium deposited on the ITO-glass, whereas the rate of recovery was not substantial. The mechanochemical treatment induces the destruction of crystalline structure with which the ITO fragments are attached and facilitate the increased indium dissolution with the chelants. The increase was more prominent followed by a decrease in the cumulative processing time from 24 to 6 h when the vitrified ITO-glass was simultaneously crushed and washed with the chelants. The extraction of indium was better at the acidic pH condition, and it was further intensified when the operating temperature was raised to ≥ 120 °C. Keywords:Indium; Indium tin oxide; Liquid crystal display; Waste; Recovery; Mechanochemical treatment Microchemical Journal (In Press). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2012.08.010 3 IntroductionIndium has emerged as an important strategic element in electronic and energy-related industries due to its specific applications [1,2]. The most important end use of indium in recent years is to manufacture indium-tin oxide (ITO) thin film, an optoelectronic material with the characteristics of transparency to visible light, electric conduction and thermal reflection [2,3]. ITO thin film is widely used in designing liquid-crystal displays (LCD), plasma displays and solar-energy cell [3], and consume about two-third of the global indium production [4].Indium has no ore of its own and is generally found in low concentrations in some sulphide ores of zinc, copper and lead, from which it is procured as a by-product [5]. The technology revolution created an increasing demand for indium while the boom in its price is due to the policies of the nations with indium reserves (e.g. China, South Korea). Hence, the recovery of indium from the waste resources received sincere focus from the researches [4-6].The ITO-scrap resulted from the ITO ceramic target during the conversion and application of ITO thin films on glass panels using the DC magnetron sputtering process is the most potential secondary resource of indium [2,3,6,7]. The other prospective waste resources of indium are the etching waste [1,8] and the LCD powder [6,9].The end-of-life (EoL) LCDs are a gr...

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“…O ITO possui propriedades ópticas e elétricas com vasta aplicação na indústria eletroeletrônica, utilizado principalmente em telas de cristal líquido e células solares 44 .…”

Section: Vidro Laminadounclassified

Estudo da extração de índio a partir de telas de cristal líquido (LCD).

Hashimoto¹

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Over the past few years, the access increase to new technologies by the Brazilian costumers have intensified the concern about LCDs waste including environmental and economic issues. The liquid crystal displays are used in televisions, calculators, mobile phones, computers (laptops and tablets), videogames and among other electronics equipment. The advance in this field has become these devices obsolete ever faster, increasing the volume of the LCDs wastes to be disposed in landfills which contribute to the reduction of its lifetime. In this context, the LCDs from the LED-LCD televisions have turned an important wasted electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) source. By this way, the aim of this work is the physic and chemistry characterization of the liquid crystal displays from LED LCD televisions displays end the study of a hydrometallurgical route to recovery the indium. For both, were used treatment of ores technics and physics and chemistry analysis (particle size separation, loss on ignition, stereoscopic microscopy, TGA, FRX, FT-IR) to material characterization and indium quantification, before and after the hydrometallurgical route. The leaching process was realized in stand reactors using three leaching agents (nitric, sulfuric and hydrochloric acid), three temperatures (25ºC, 40ºC e 60ºC) and four times (0,5h; 1h; 2h e 4h). It was establish that the liquid crystal display represents about 20% of the total mass of the LCD televisions displays and that is composed for approximately, in mass, for 11% in polymers and 90% in glass + liquid crystal. It was found too that have six polymeric layers in liquid crystal screens, where: one set with 3 polymers compound the analyzer and the polarizer, wherein the polymer of the first end the third layers of the each set are cellulose triacetate and matches 64% of the polymers mass of the screen. The second layer polymer is polyvinyl alcohol and represents 36% of the polymers mass. The top results of the leaching process was obtained with the sulfuric acid in 60°C for 4h and 1/5 solid-liquid relation. In this conditions, the indium extraction from LCD screen was about 61%.

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Recovery of indium from used indium–tin oxide (ITO) targets

Cited by 169 publications

References 13 publications

Chelant-induced reclamation of indium from the spent liquid crystal display panels with the aid of microwave irradiation

Chelant-induced reclamation of indium from the spent liquid crystal display panels with the aid of microwave irradiation

Recovery of indium from end-of-life liquid-crystal display panels using aminopolycarboxylate chelants with the aid of mechanochemical treatment

Estudo da extração de índio a partir de telas de cristal líquido (LCD).

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