Recovery of kraft lignin from pulping wastewater via emulsion liquid membrane process

Abstract

Kraft lignin (KL) is a renewable source of many valuable intermediate biochemical products currently derived from petroleum. An excessive of lignin comes from pulping wastewater caused an adverse pollution problems hence affecting human and aquatic life. A comprehensive study pertaining to emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) extraction of lignin from pulping wastewater was presented. ELM formulation contains Aliquat 336 as carrier, kerosene as diluent, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3 ) as stripping agent and Span 80 as surfactant. The emulsion stability was investigated at different surfactant concentrations, homogenizer speed and emulsification time. Modifier (2-ethyl-1-hexanol) was added to avoid segregation of third phase while improving the emulsion stability. At optimum conditions, 95% and 56% of lignin were extracted and recovered, respectively at 10 min of extraction time, 0.007 M of Aliquat 336, 0.1 M of NaHCO3 and 1:5 of treat ratio. Additional of modifier was contributed to highest recovery up to 98%. The ELM process was found to be equally feasible and quite effective in the recovery of KL from real pulping wastewater. Therefore, ELM process provides a promising alternative technology to recover KL from pulping wastewater while solving the environmental problems simultaneously.

Extraction and recovery optimization of succinic acid using green emulsion liquid membrane containing palm oil as the diluent

“…A similar trend was also reported by Ooi et al . . For all levels of treat ratio (1:1–1:5), the percentage of recovery of succinic acid was found to increase with Amberlite LA2 concentration up to a certain level, and then a decrease was observed.…”

“…The process was initiated by placing the emulsion in water bath assisted with ultrasonic vibration for 10 min. Then, it was heated at 70°C for 24 h. The internal phase was collected and appropriate dilution was done for analysis.…”

“…In this study, a promising technology in the separation process called emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) is proposed. It was widely studied for various applications such as recovery of precious metal from electroplating wastewater , recovery of dye contaminants from wastewater containing tri‐dodecyl amine as a mobile carrier , recovery of kraft lignin from pulping wastewater , and extraction of a pharmaceutical preservative Ethylparaben . The ELM is very unique in the extraction of targeted species that provides several advantages such as large mass transfer area, ease of operation, single step extraction and stripping, low energy consumption, efficient for low solute concentration, and low chemical requirement .…”

Comparison of Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes and Polymeric Ultrafiltration and Nanofiltration Membranes for Separation of Lignin and Monosaccharides

“…For the separation of lignosulphonates, the proposed liquid membranes were formulated with organic amines as carriers for facilitated transport [38], such as trioctylamine or trilaurylamine, dissolved in dichloroethane, 1-decanol or sunflower oil [39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. In the case of Kraft lignin, Aliquat 336 dissolved in kerosene was mentioned as an effective liquid membrane [46]. However, ionic liquids (ILs) can be ideal candidates for the formulation of new liquid membranes to be used in lignin separation.…”

Emulsion Liquid Membrane Technology in Organic Acid Purification

“…Instead of using solid as membrane material, it is also possible to use liquid as a membrane. Liquid membrane technology is widely applied in different potential area like wastewater treatment, textile industries, electroplating, pulp and paper, pharmaceutical, mining, semiconductor, dairy, food and beverage processing, biotechnology industries, and tanning and leather industries [2][3][4].…”