Recovery of Motor Function Following Spinal Cord Injury

Fuller, Heidi; Gates, Monte

doi:10.5772/61539

2016

DOI: 10.5772/61539

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Recovery of Motor Function Following Spinal Cord Injury

Heidi Fuller¹,

Monte Gates²

Abstract: Following several years of postdoctoral studies in which she developed an interest in applying proteomics technologies to study neurological injury and disease, Dr. Fuller was recently appointed as a Lecturer in Medical Education at Keele University and Principle Investigator at the Keele Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine. Together with her research team, she aims to identify molecular and cellular targets for neurological regeneration and repair.Dr. Gates graduated with a BS in Experimental Psy… Show more

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Cited by 4 publications

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Gait Analysis Using Animal Models of Peripheral Nerve and Spinal Cord Injuries

2021

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The present review discusses recent data regarding rodent models of spinal cord and peripheral nerve injuries in terms of gait analysis using the CatWalk system (CW), an automated and exceptionally reliable system for assessing gait abnormalities and motor coordination. CW is a good tool for both studying improvements in the walking of animals after suffering a peripheral nerve and spinal cord lesion and to select the best therapies and procedures after tissue destruction, given that it provides objective and quantifiable data. Most studies using CW for gait analysis that were published in recent years focus on injuries inflicted in the peripheral nerve, spinal cord, and brain. CW has been used in the assessment of rodent motor function through high-resolution videos, whereby specialized software was used to measure several aspects of the animal’s gait, and the main characteristics of the automated system are presented here. CW was developed to assess footfall and gait changes, and it can calculate many parameters based on footprints and time. However, given the multitude of parameters, it is necessary to evaluate which are the most important under the employed experimental circumstances. By selecting appropriate animal models and evaluating peripheral nerve and spinal cord lesion regeneration using standardized methods, suggestions for new therapies can be provided, which represents the translation of this methodology into clinical application.

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Gait Analysis Using Animal Models of Peripheral Nerve and Spinal Cord Injuries

2021

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Exercise-Induced Plasticity in Signaling Pathways Involved in Motor Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury

Bilchak

Caron

Côté

2021

IJMS

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to numerous chronic and debilitating functional deficits that greatly affect quality of life. While many pharmacological interventions have been explored, the current unsurpassed therapy for most SCI sequalae is exercise. Exercise has an expansive influence on peripheral health and function, and by activating the relevant neural pathways, exercise also ameliorates numerous disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). While the exact mechanisms by which this occurs are still being delineated, major strides have been made in the past decade to understand the molecular underpinnings of this essential treatment. Exercise rapidly and prominently affects dendritic sprouting, synaptic connections, neurotransmitter production and regulation, and ionic homeostasis, with recent literature implicating an exercise-induced increase in neurotrophins as the cornerstone that binds many of these effects together. The field encompasses vast complexity, and as the data accumulate, disentangling these molecular pathways and how they interact will facilitate the optimization of intervention strategies and improve quality of life for individuals affected by SCI. This review describes the known molecular effects of exercise and how they alter the CNS to pacify the injury environment, increase neuronal survival and regeneration, restore normal neural excitability, create new functional circuits, and ultimately improve motor function following SCI.

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Cellular Signalling and Photobiomodulation in Chronic Wound Repair

Leyane

Jere

Houreld

2021

IJMS

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Photobiomodulation (PBM) imparts therapeutically significant benefits in the healing of chronic wounds. Chronic wounds develop when the stages of wound healing fail to progress in a timely and orderly frame, and without an established functional and structural outcome. Therapeutic benefits associated with PBM include augmenting tissue regeneration and repair, mitigating inflammation, relieving pain, and reducing oxidative stress. PBM stimulates the mitochondria, resulting in an increase in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and the downstream release of growth factors. The binding of growth factors to cell surface receptors induces signalling pathways that transmit signals to the nucleus for the transcription of genes for increased cellular proliferation, viability, and migration in numerous cell types, including stem cells and fibroblasts. Over the past few years, significant advances have been made in understanding how PBM regulates numerous signalling pathways implicated in chronic wound repair. This review highlights the significant role of PBM in the activation of several cell signalling pathways involved in wound healing.

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Recovery of Motor Function Following Spinal Cord Injury

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Gait Analysis Using Animal Models of Peripheral Nerve and Spinal Cord Injuries

Gait Analysis Using Animal Models of Peripheral Nerve and Spinal Cord Injuries

Exercise-Induced Plasticity in Signaling Pathways Involved in Motor Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury

Cellular Signalling and Photobiomodulation in Chronic Wound Repair

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