Recovery of nickel, cobalt and some salts from spent Ni-MH batteries

Rabah, Mahmoud A.; Farghaly, Fatma E.; Motaleb, M. A.

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2007.06.007

Cited by 74 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The management of spent primary and secondary batteries has been an issue of environmental concern in developing countries especially considering the absence of basic waste collection and management infrastructure (Zabaniotou et al, 1999;Aktas et al, 2004;Nnorom and Osibanjo, 2006a;Abdel-Ghani et al, 2007;Daryabeigi Zand and Abduli, 2008;Rabah et al, 2008). Batteries represent a large volume of toxic and hazardous materials in common use (Lankey and McMicheal, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metal characterization of waste portable rechargeable batteries used in mobile phones

Nnorom

Osibanjo

2009

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Ten brands of spent portable rechargeable batteries used in mobile phones (lithium-ion and nickel metal hydride) were collected and disassembled and the battery electrode and printed wiring board prepared using the EPA Method 3050B. The metal concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The mean (± standard deviation) concentrations and range of cobalt, chromium, nickel and cadmium in the battery electrodes were 361284±32281mg/kg (range 20870-575330 mg/kg); 25.3 ± 4.6 mg/kg (7.9-149 mg/kg); 75272 ± 14630 mg/kg (3589-266607 mg/kg) and 2.8 ± 0.6 mg/kg (0.2-16.3 mg/kg), respectively. Similarly, the mean values of cobalt, chromium, nickel and cadmium in the PWB were 564 ± 165 mg/kg (56.1-4068 mg/kg); 28.1 ± 4.0 mg/kg (ND-97.2 mg/kg); 735 ± 188 mg/kg (22.7-2727 mg/kg) and 1.8 ± 0.3 mg/kg (ND-7.2 mg/kg), respectively. The Li-ion battery electrodes contained significantly higher levels of cobalt (p < 0.01) whereas, the NiMH battery contained significantly higher nickel (P < 0.01). All the results for the cobalt and nickel levels in the battery electrodes exceeded the toxicity threshold limit concentration used in the toxicity characterization of solid wastes (cobalt, 8000 mg/kg; nickel , 2000 mg/kg). In fact, the mean cobalt level of the battery electrode is about 45 times the toxicity threshold limit concentration limit for cobalt while the mean nickel result is about 38 times the toxicity threshold limit concentration. Spent portable rechargeable batteries should be handled as toxic materials that require special treatment. Implementation of a well-coordinated management strategy for spent batteries is urgently required to check the dissipation of large doses of toxic heavy metals and rare earth into the environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metal characterization of waste portable rechargeable batteries used in mobile phones

Nnorom

Osibanjo

2009

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Recycling is an important issue not only from a waste treatment perspective, but also for the recovery of valuable materials, as nickel and cobalt metals and some of their salts (Rabah et al, 2008), together with copper and rare earth (Nan et al, 2006), or also cadmium and zinc (Pietrelli et al, 2005) and lithium (Paulino et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical characterisation of spent rechargeable batteries

et al. 2009

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“…On the other hand, with leaching methodology, metals such as Cu, Zn, Fe, Ni, and Mg could be recycled and the recovery efficiencies were much higher than that for the separation process. Although methods of hydrometallurgical leaching for sulfide ores (Gok and Anderson, 2013;Vračar et al, 2003), as well as for some wastes, such as batteries (Rabah et al, 2008), have been reported, few studies have been reported of its application for the Cu-S tailing. Recycled metals using the leaching process have to be purified for further reuse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%