Recovery of oil from palm oil mill effluent using polypropylene micro/nanofiber

Abstract

IntroductionIn palm oil mill industry, oil losses during the milling process are unavoidable. The main sources of oil losses are through wastewater clarification, sterilizer condensate and hydro-cyclone, which affect the oil extraction rate, % (OER) and the oil extraction efficiency, % (OEE) of the mills [1], [2]. In palm oil milling process, palm oil mill effluent (POME) is the largest waste generated where 2.5 tons of POME are produced from the average in every ton of oil extracted and typical raw POME contains about 1% or range in 4,000 mg/L of oil and grease [3]-[5]. The presence of residual oil in POME may cause serious environmental pollution due to elevation of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) values, which could detrimental to aquatic organisms and surrounding habitats if untreated [6]. High concentration of BOD and COD values means high presents of organic matter, thus high consumption of oxygen for the microorganisms to decompose the organic matter [7]. Therefore, against the oil layer could reduce the biological activity of conventional biological ponding system since the suspended

Methine initiated polypropylene-based disposable face masks aging validated by micromechanical properties loss of atomic force microscopy

“…The signal of carbonyl (C=O), alkenyl (C=C), and hydroxyl (O-H) region was not discovered in the pristine DFM ( Fig. 5 a), whereas the peaks would come out at 1715, 1640, and 3400 cm –1 after irradiated, respectively( Semilin et al, 2021 ), which can be attributed to that the C t in the PP chain was more easily to be attacked, facilitating the reaction of C t -H bond with oxygen and water to form massive of the oxygen-containing functional groups( Yousif et al, 2012 ). And also the C t -H bond can be induced by the additive in the DFM to form the alkenyl group on the surface during aging ( Taghavi et al, 2021 , Xie et al, 2022 ).…”

Advances of polyolefins from fiber to nanofiber: fabrication and recent applications

“…Figure 8 c presents their superhydrophobic (WCA = 151.8 ± 2.1º) fibrous membrane with the simulation of the oil/water separation process. In a recent study, Semilin et al [ 195 ] have showed how PP micro/nanofiber (PP-MNF) can be used to get oil out from the wastewater of a palm oil mill. It was demonstrated that PP-MNF has a high adsorption capacity for residual oil, and the oil was successfully recovered by hand pressing and solvent or supercritical CO 2 extraction techniques.…”

Unveiling ZrO2/natural zeolite catalytic performance on hydrocracking palm oil mill effluent residue

“…However, this method demands a large area for waste storage and a considerable time for the liquid waste to meet the government's wastewater quality standards. Moreover, the oil layer in POME can reduce the effectiveness of conventional biological pond systems, as it surrounds the suspended microbes (Semilin et al 2021). The residual oil in POME has the potential to be converted into biodiesel feedstock.…”