Recovery of salinity gradient energy in desalination plants by reverse electrodialysis

Tristán, Carolina; Fallanza, Marcos; Ibáñez, Raquel; Ortiz, Inmaculada

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2020.114699

Cited by 43 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Tristan et al [71] estimated the maximum SGE available in terms of net power density and the net specific energy delivered by a RED system in six SWRO desalination plants distributed worldwide, obtaining net specific energy maximum values in the range of 0.08-0.15 kWh•m −3 of desalted water and net power densities up to 3.7 W•m −2 . Moreover, recent studies [25] concluded that if all the salinity gradient energy is harnessed,~40% of the energy demand of an SWRO facility could be supplied; however, a reduction to the 10% of the supply is estimated due to the energy conversion irreversibility and untapped salinity gradient energy.…”

Section: Alternative A2-salinity Gradient Energy Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Energy Recovery Alternatives in SWRO Desalination through Electro-Membrane Technologies

Herrero-Gonzalez

Ibáñez

2021

Applied Sciences

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Electro-membrane technologies are versatile processes that could contribute towards more sustainable seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination in both freshwater production and brine management, facilitating the recovery of materials and energy and driving the introduction of the circular economy paradigm in the desalination industry. Besides the potential possibilities, the implementation of electro-membrane technologies remains a challenge. The aim of this work is to present and evaluate different alternatives for harvesting renewable energy and the recovery of chemicals on an SWRO facility by means of electro-membrane technology. Acid and base self-supply by means of electrodialysis with bipolar membranes is considered, together with salinity gradient energy harvesting by means of reverse electrodialysis and pH gradient energy by means of reverse electrodialysis with bipolar membranes. The potential benefits of the proposed alternatives rely on environmental impact reduction is three-fold: (a) water bodies protection, as direct brine discharge is avoided, (b) improvements in the climate change indicator, as the recovery of renewable energy reduces the indirect emissions related to energy production, and (c) reduction of raw material consumption, as the main chemicals used in the facility are produced in-situ. Moreover, further development towards an increase in their technology readiness level (TRL) and cost reduction are the main challenges to face.

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Section: Alternative A2-salinity Gradient Energy Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Energy Recovery Alternatives in SWRO Desalination through Electro-Membrane Technologies

Herrero-Gonzalez

Ibáñez

2021

Applied Sciences

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“…The dependence of the power output on the concentration ratio has been already investigated by several research groups. [39][40][41] It has been reported that the power outputs increase with an increase in the concentrations of both the concentrated and dilute solutions under the condition at the constant concentration ratios. When the concentration of the concentrated solutions is constant, there is an optimal concentration of the dilute solutions which maximizes the power output.…”

Section: Comparison Of the Power Outputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement in the Power Output of a Reverse Electrodialysis System by the Addition of Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)

et al. 2021

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Salinity gradient energy generated by the contact between seawater and river water is one of the promising renewable energies. In the reverse electrodialysis (RED), salinity gradient energy is directly translated into the electricity. The representative problem is a large electrical resistance of river water or dilute solutions. The dilute solutions are poor electrically conductive. This results in a huge energy loss when an electrical current passes through it.In this study, sodium chloride (NaCl) or poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (NaPSS) was added to the dilute solutions to increase the conductivities and enhance the power outputs of the RED cells. When NaCl was added, the power output reached 11.4 ± 0.6 μW. On the other hand, when NaPSS was added, the power output increased up to 19.6 ± 0.6 μW.

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“…The extraction of SGP by RED occurs during the mixing of two solutions of different salinity which induces the transport of ions through IEMs. 67,68 In the RED system, alternating CEMs and AEMs form a stack between an electrode system, 63 where the transport of dissolved salt generates an electrical potential that can produce electricity. 14,15 RED is a renewable, pollutionfree technology that generates energy by combining solutions with different salinities.…”

Section: Energy Transition: From Fossil Fuelbased Energy To Renewabmentioning

confidence: 99%

From non‐renewable energy to renewable by harvesting salinity gradient power by reverse electrodialysis: A review

Zoungrana

Çakmakçı

2020

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Fossil fuel is scanty and negatively affects the earth by inducing climate change. As a result, alternative and renewable energy (RE) sources are being investigated to replace fossil fuel. Wind and solar energy are leaders in the RE market, but huge and accessible other energy sources such as salinity gradient power (SGP) exist and need to be collected to contribute to the global energy demand. SGP is mainly extracted with reverse electrodialysis (RED) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) systems. The applicability of RED‐SGP in a natural environment is the current challenge due to the low power density and the high Levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of the process. The properties of the ion‐exchange membranes (IEMs), the spacers, the feed solutions characteristics and salinity, and the electrodes are among the most important parameters that control the performance of RED‐SGP processes. New highly selective, conductive, and cost‐effective membranes are required to improve RED performance and reduce the produced energy cost. Alternatives feed solutions such as wastewaters and brine from desalination plants as well as hybrid RED such as RED combined to electrodialysis (ED), reverse osmosis (RO), or membrane distillation (MD) will result in cost‐effective water treatment and SGP extraction.

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Recovery of salinity gradient energy in desalination plants by reverse electrodialysis

Cited by 43 publications

References 54 publications

Chemical and Energy Recovery Alternatives in SWRO Desalination through Electro-Membrane Technologies

Chemical and Energy Recovery Alternatives in SWRO Desalination through Electro-Membrane Technologies

Improvement in the Power Output of a Reverse Electrodialysis System by the Addition of Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)

From non‐renewable energy to renewable by harvesting salinity gradient power by reverse electrodialysis: A review

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