Recovery of scandium from white waste acid generated from the titanium sulphate process using solvent extraction with TRPO

Zhou, Jie; Yu, Qing; Huang, Yu; Meng, Jiejie; Chen, Yedan; Ning, Shunyan; Wang, Xinpeng; Wei, Yuezhou; Yin, Xiangbiao; Liang, Jie

doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2020.105398

Cited by 36 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Solvent extraction (SX) is the most commonly used technique to separate and concentrate Sc from aqueous solutions. ,− The commonest extractants are organophosphorus compounds, such as di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA). ,− Nevertheless, extraction of trace Sc from complex aqueous media remains technically challenging, requiring high aqueous to organic phase ratios, with the higher costs and emissions associated with large process volumes. In addition, coextraction of impurities (e.g., Fe, Ti, Zr, Th, U, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanofiltration-Enhanced Solvent Extraction of Scandium from TiO₂ Acid Waste

Hedwig

Yagmurlu

Huang

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Scandium is a critical raw material with a technological potential to reduce transportation costs and CO 2 emissions. However, global supply and market adoption are crucially impaired by the lack of high-grade Sc ores and recovery strategies. A tandem nanofiltration solvent extraction route is demonstrated to enable effective Sc recovery from real-world acid waste from the chloride TiO 2 production route. The process involving several filtration stages, solvent extraction, and precipitation was optimized, ultimately producing >97% pure (NH 4 ) 3 ScF 6 .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanofiltration-Enhanced Solvent Extraction of Scandium from TiO₂ Acid Waste

Hedwig

Yagmurlu

Huang

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…The total recovery yield after nine stages was higher than previously reported for bench-scale tests (36%, six stages) 10 but still comparably lower than reported in other studies, such as Zhou et al (68.6%), 21 Chen et al (90.34%), 22 and Zhou et al (95%). 23,24 Major losses occurred in the early stages of AF (streams 1−9) within this study. Approximately half of the Sc (∼14.6 g) was lost after pH adjustment, MF and UF (streams 1−7).…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…To quantify 23 Na + , 52 Cr + , 55 Mn + , 56 Fe + , 60 Ni + , 66 Zn + , 89 Y + , 137 Ba + , 139 La + , 140 Ce + , 141 Pr + , 146 Nd + , 147 Sm + , 153 Eu + , 157 Gd + , 159 Tb + , 163 Dy + , 165 Ho + , 166 Er + , 169 Tm + , 172 Yb + , 208 Pb + , 232 Th, and 238 U + , the ICP-MS was operated in single-quad mode using helium as the collision gas. Meanwhile, 24 Mg + , 27 Al + , 39 K + , 45 Sc + , 47 Ti + , 51 V + , and 90 Zr + were measured in triple-quad mass-shift mode using O 2 as a reaction gas. 7 Li + concentration was determined using no-gas single-quad mode.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Trace to Pure: Pilot-Scale Scandium Recovery from TiO₂ Acid Waste

Hedwig

Yagmurlu

Peters³

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Scandium (Sc), declared a critical raw material in the European Union (EU), could face further supply issues as the EU depends almost entirely on imports from China, Russia, and Ukraine. In this study, a tandem nanofiltration-solvent extraction procedure for Sc recovery from titania (TiO2) acid waste was piloted and then augmented by antisolvent crystallization. The new process, comprising advanced filtration (hydroxide precipitation, micro-, ultra-, and nanofiltration), solvent extraction, and antisolvent crystallization, was assessed in relation to material and energy inputs and benchmarked on ScF3 production. From ∼1 m3 of European acid waste containing traces of Sc (81 mg L–1), ∼13 g of Sc (43% yield, nine stages) was recovered as (NH4)3ScF6 with a purity of approximately 95%, demonstrating the technical feasibility of the approach. The production costs per kilogram of ScF3 were lower than reported market prices, which underscores a competitive process at scale. Although a few technical bottlenecks (e.g., S/L separation and electricity consumption) need to be overcome, combining advanced filtration with solvent extraction and antisolvent crystallization promises a future supply of this critical raw material from European secondary sources.

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“…Similarly, Chen et al [21] impre the extractant TODGA into silica-based composites under vacuum, yielding ads demonstrating a Zr removal rate of over 99% in separation experiments with crud products. Moreover, trialkyl phosphine oxide (TRPO, the chemical structure sh Figure 1) has proven effective as an extractant for scandium recovery and purific solvent extraction processes involving titanium dioxide waste acid [31]. This study discussed the separation characteristics of TRPO-modified silic resins for scandium and zirconium within sulfuric and hydrochloric acid media.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Adsorption and Separation Behavior of Scandium and Zirconium by Trialkyl Phosphine Oxide-Modified Resins in Sulfuric and Hydrochloric Acid Media

Xu,

Yin,

Ning

et al. 2024

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Zirconium is recognized as one of the main impurities of the rare earth element scandium during purification. It presents significant challenges due to its similar chemical properties, making separating it difficult. This study used trialkyl phosphine oxide (TRPO) as a functional ligand, and the effects of carrier type and acidity on adsorption performance were first investigated. Among these, the novel extraction resin SiO2-P as a carrier for TRPO demonstrated more prominent separation performance in 0.2 M H2SO4 and 5 M HCl solutions. The kinetic and isotherm data were consistent with the pseudo-secondary kinetics and Langmuir model, respectively, and the adsorption process could be regarded as homogeneous monolayer adsorption subject to the dual effects of chemisorption and internal diffusion. In addition, thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption process of zirconium under the experimental conditions was a spontaneous endothermic process. Combined with the results of SEM-EDS, FT-IR, and XPS analyses, scandium and zirconium were successfully adsorbed by the resin and uniformly distributed on its surface, and the greater affinity of the P=O groups on the resin for zirconium was the critical factor contributing to the separation of scandium and zirconium. Finally, scandium and zirconium in sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid media were extracted and separated by column experiments, and the purity of scandium could reach 99.8% and 99.99%, respectively.

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Recovery of scandium from white waste acid generated from the titanium sulphate process using solvent extraction with TRPO

Cited by 36 publications

References 36 publications

Nanofiltration-Enhanced Solvent Extraction of Scandium from TiO₂ Acid Waste

Nanofiltration-Enhanced Solvent Extraction of Scandium from TiO₂ Acid Waste

From Trace to Pure: Pilot-Scale Scandium Recovery from TiO₂ Acid Waste

Study of the Adsorption and Separation Behavior of Scandium and Zirconium by Trialkyl Phosphine Oxide-Modified Resins in Sulfuric and Hydrochloric Acid Media

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Recovery of scandium from white waste acid generated from the titanium sulphate process using solvent extraction with TRPO

Cited by 36 publications

References 36 publications

Nanofiltration-Enhanced Solvent Extraction of Scandium from TiO2 Acid Waste

Nanofiltration-Enhanced Solvent Extraction of Scandium from TiO2 Acid Waste

From Trace to Pure: Pilot-Scale Scandium Recovery from TiO2 Acid Waste

Study of the Adsorption and Separation Behavior of Scandium and Zirconium by Trialkyl Phosphine Oxide-Modified Resins in Sulfuric and Hydrochloric Acid Media

Contact Info

Product

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Nanofiltration-Enhanced Solvent Extraction of Scandium from TiO₂ Acid Waste

Nanofiltration-Enhanced Solvent Extraction of Scandium from TiO₂ Acid Waste

From Trace to Pure: Pilot-Scale Scandium Recovery from TiO₂ Acid Waste