Recycling silicon from environmentally hazardous diamond wire saw silicon powder waste (DWSSP) and effectively removing boron is still an elusive aim. Here, pressure-less sintering and dynamic-slag treatment were used to recover the powder waste. On the basis of thermodynamic simulation, the slag composition was designed. Dense structure of DWSSP ceramics could effectively reduce the oxidation loss. Dynamic-slag treatment can provide higher silicon recovery and better boron removal rate than can traditional one-step slag treatment. Slag-1 (Na 2 O-SiO 2 ) can remove boron while protecting molten silicon from oxidation. Interestingly, after Slag-2 (CaO−SiO 2 −Na 2 O) was added, relative displacement between the mixed slag and silicon can provide more favorable dynamic conditions. Using the dynamic-slag treatment, the boron removal efficiency reached 83.4%, and the silicon recovery rate reached 82.29%. Additionally, by introducing the solute penetration theory, the mechanism of boron removal during convective mass transfer process was discussed in detail. The simplicity of this combined approach provides a new possibility for recovery and purification of intractable fine powdery waste.