Recovery of tailings from the vanadium extraction process by carbothermic reduction method: Thermodynamic, experimental and hazardous potential assessment

Xiang, Junyi; Huang, Qiao; Lv, Wei; Pei, Guishang; Lv, Xuewei; Bai, Chenguang

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.05.064

Cited by 38 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It was reported that the decomposition of CaSO 4 under an air atmosphere occurs in the temperature range of 1097–1497 °C. 32 However, the decomposition temperature can be significantly reduced to 600–800 °C in the presence of carbon, which was mainly attributed to the solid–solid reaction (2C + CaSO 4 → CaS + 2CO 2 ). 33 Therefore, the diffraction peaks of CaSO 4 disappeared when the reduction temperature was at 800 °C.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinel Ferrite Transformation for an Efficient Fe Removal from Circulating Fluidized Bed Fly Ash by Carbothermal Reduction at a Low Temperature

Gao

Wang

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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Alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) extraction from circulating fluidized bed (CFB) fly ash (CFBFA) is one of the most important pathways for value-added utilization. However, in CFBFA, impurity iron (Fe) normally coexists, resulting in complicated separation processes, low Al 2 O 3 extraction efficiency, and substandard Al 2 O 3 -based products. How to remove Fe impurity effectively from CFBFA has become an important issue. For an effective Fe removal from CFBFA, spinel ferrite transformation by carbothermal reduction at a low temperature was discussed in the paper. The effects of the reduction temperature and reduction time on the removal efficiency of Fe and the recovery of aluminum (Al) as well as the removal of other metals were systematically investigated, and the transformation mechanisms of Fe-containing phases were investigated by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and a scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive spectrometer. The results showed that Fe in CFBFA was present in the form of weakly magnetic α-Fe 2 O 3 , leading to a Fe removal of about 17.1% after magnetic separation; however, the recovery efficiency of Al reached 97.4%. Weakly magnetic hematite (α-Fe 2 O 3 ) could be converted to strongly magnetic spinel-type ferrite (MFe 2 O 4 ) after carbothermal reduction at 700 °C for 60 min, and the Fe removal efficiency could reach 62.8% after magnetic separation; however, the recovery of Al was 81.2%, which was decreased compared to the recovery of Al under the condition without carbothermal reduction treatment. However, the carbothermal reduction–magnetic separation process did not have a major effect on the existing form and leaching behavior of Al, Li, and Ga. Simultaneously, it could be observed that some transition metal elements such as Mn, Cr, and so forth could be enriched in spinel-type MFe 2 O 4 and removed after magnetic separation, which also provided a way for transition metal enrichment and extraction of transition metals from other tailings.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinel Ferrite Transformation for an Efficient Fe Removal from Circulating Fluidized Bed Fly Ash by Carbothermal Reduction at a Low Temperature

Gao

Wang

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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“…It is noteworthy that the reduction temperature of chromium oxide is lower than that of pure Cr 2 O 3 (1254.45 °C). This is because silica in tailings can participate in the formation of low melting point phases such as Ca(Fe,Mg)Si 2 O 6 , thus reducing the reduction temperature. , The metallization degree gradually slows down as the temperature exceeds 1400 °C because most of the iron and chromium oxides have been reduced. The metallization degree exceeds 100% at 1600 °C, which is caused by other oxides such as manganese oxide and titanium oxide being reduced at such high temperature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Strategy for Green Comprehensive Utilization of Vanadium Slag with High-Content Chromium

Wang

Lin

Diao

et al. 2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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A novel strategy for comprehensive utilization of vanadium slag with high-content chromium is proposed in the present study. This approach involves two steps: vanadium slag is first treated by the calcification roasting–sulfuric acid leaching method to extract vanadium. Then, high-carbon ferrochromium is smelted with the mixture by carbothermal reduction. In the first step, 99.41% vanadium in the vanadium slag can be enriched in the leaching liquor; however, the loss of chromium is negligible. The roasting and leaching parameters are studied. n(CaO)/n(V2O3) = 0.5, 900 °C, and 60 min are the optimum roasting conditions; 50 °C, 60 min, and sulfuric acid concentration of 20% are the optimum leaching conditions. In the second step, the chromium oxides and iron oxides are first reduced to chromium carbide and iron carbide, then further reduced to metallic chromium and iron with the increasing of temperature. The recoveries of chromium, iron, and metal reached all exceed 95.00%. The chromium content in high-carbon ferrochromium can achieve over 50%. Both the contents of impurity elements in high-carbon ferrochromium and toxic substances in reduction slag meet the expected requirements. The toxicity results show that tailings have been detoxified, and the reduced slag is harmless. This method has high extraction efficiency and is environmentally friendly.

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“…Mining dumps (comprising unconsolidated waste rock, parent material, tailings, or mixtures) are globally generated at approximately 20–25 billion t per year and deposited into pond piles on-land or underwater. − The pyro-metallurgical slag is considered hazardous waste with a low economic value and intricate use. − Copper slag, for example, is a byproduct produced through matte smelting and copper processing. Producing 1 ton of copper generally generates around 2.2–3.0 t of copper slag. , Since the use and recovery of the metal are mainly relied on its physical–chemical form, the slag of 0.8% copper is either tossed out for waste purposes or sold as products with similar characteristics to natural basalt (crystalline) or obsidian (amorphous).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Recyclability of Industrial Waste for Anthropogenic Circularity: A Circular Economy Approach

Kanwal

Zeng

2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Recycling industrial waste has become a favorable option to sustain future industrial development under the anthropogenic circularity philosophy. The lack of scientific identification for recycling has seriously declined the treatment and disposal of industrial waste. This study started the primary endeavor to measure the recyclability of industrial waste. It aimed to use the clarified recyclability to support policymakers improve the circular economy of industrial waste, particularly at the metal recycling stage; in the meantime, developing effective strategies and systems for waste management. To achieve that, we defined various metal grades in the selected industrial waste and then combined the grade with the statistical entropy function to form an innovative model for estimating the recyclability. The results suggest that industrial waste exhibiting high recyclability (e.g., red mud) reflects low disorder and eminent recycling; industrial waste that indicates a low recycling value (e.g., gold tailings) offers easy recycling. Moreover, the created recyclability map identified three recycling zones (difficult, moderate, and easy) useful for enhancing recycling. This model and the results could be employed as a method to design strategies and prioritize the recycling list of industrial waste.

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Recovery of tailings from the vanadium extraction process by carbothermic reduction method: Thermodynamic, experimental and hazardous potential assessment

Cited by 38 publications

References 24 publications

Spinel Ferrite Transformation for an Efficient Fe Removal from Circulating Fluidized Bed Fly Ash by Carbothermal Reduction at a Low Temperature

Spinel Ferrite Transformation for an Efficient Fe Removal from Circulating Fluidized Bed Fly Ash by Carbothermal Reduction at a Low Temperature

Novel Strategy for Green Comprehensive Utilization of Vanadium Slag with High-Content Chromium

Mapping Recyclability of Industrial Waste for Anthropogenic Circularity: A Circular Economy Approach

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