Recovery of the Menisci and Articular Cartilage of Runners after Cessation of Exercise

Keßler, Manuel; Gläser, Christian; Tittel, Sylvia; Reiser, Maximilian; Imhoff, Andreas B.

doi:10.1177/0363546507313093

Cited by 56 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Investigators also assessed the dynamic response of cartilage thickness or volume, as well as changes of the meniscus after loading, with repeated knee bending and running [10–13]. Eckstein et al [11] studied the in vivo deformation behavior of patellar and femorotibial cartilage for different types of physiological activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have reported a significant change of thickness and signal intensity in cartilage and menisci and also in the movement and shape of menisci under loading condition [2–9]. Clinical studies have investigated the dynamic response of cartilage thickness or volume and morphological changes of the meniscus after loading, such as knee bending and running [10–13]. However, only a small number of studies directly evaluated the knee cartilage and menisci under loading using in vivo MR imaging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Loading of the knee during 3.0 T MRI is associated with significantly increased medial meniscus extrusion in mild and moderate osteoarthritis

Stehling¹,

Souza²,

Graverand³

et al. 2012

European Journal of Radiology

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Purpose Standard knee MRI is performed under unloading (ULC) conditions and not much is known about changes of the meniscus, ligaments or cartilage under loading conditions (LC). The aim is to study the influence of loading of different knee structures at 3 Tesla (T) in subjects with osteoarthritis (OA) and normal controls. Materials and methods 30 subjects, 10 healthy and 20 with radiographic evidence of OA (10 mild and 10 moderate) underwent 3 T MRI under ULC and LC at 50% body weight. All images were analyzed by two musculoskeletal radiologists identifying and grading cartilage, meniscal, ligamentous abnormalities. The changes between ULC and LC were assessed. For meniscus, cartilage and ligaments the changes of lesions, signal and shape were evaluated. In addition, for the meniscus changes in extrusion were examined. A multivariate regression model was used for correlations to correct the data for the impact of age, gender, BMI. A paired T-Test was performed to calculate the differences in meniscus extrusion. Results Subjects with degenerative knee abnormalities demonstrated significantly increased meniscus extrusion under LC when compared to normal subjects (p = 0.0008–0.0027). Subjects with knee abnormalities and higher KL scores showed significantly more changes in lesion, signal and shape of the meniscus (80% (16/20) vs. 20% (2/10); p = 0.0025), ligaments and cartilage during LC. Conclusion The study demonstrates that axial loading has an effect on articular cartilage, ligament, and meniscus morphology, which is more significant in subjects with degenerative disease and may serve as an additional diagnostic tool for disease diagnosis and assessing progression in subjects with knee OA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loading of the knee during 3.0 T MRI is associated with significantly increased medial meniscus extrusion in mild and moderate osteoarthritis

Stehling¹,

Souza²,

Graverand³

et al. 2012

European Journal of Radiology

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“…Another possible reason for no thickness change could be the absence of controlling for diurnal effects. Unlike the ankle joint, the knee cartilage generally loses thickness and/or volume even after shorter distance running (5 km-20 km) for both trained and recreational runners [13,15,19,22,44] and all these knee studies made efforts to minimize the diurnal effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies have employed MRI to examine pathological, morphological and/or biochemical changes in response to long-distance running, but such studies have mainly focused on the knee joint [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Many of these studies found significant changes including bone marrow edema (BME), joint effusion and cartilage thickness and volume, but such changes seem to return to baseline after a rest period (1 h to 8 weeks) [13,20,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of these studies found significant changes including bone marrow edema (BME), joint effusion and cartilage thickness and volume, but such changes seem to return to baseline after a rest period (1 h to 8 weeks) [13,20,23]. While the ankle and foot complex is one of the most common injured sites in response to long-distance running [24,25], there is no study systematically determining the effect of long-distance running on the ankle and foot.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of MR Images of the Ankle and Foot in Response to Long-Distance Running: A Systematic Review

Kim¹,

Fern²,

ez³

et al. 2017

Adv Tech Biol Med

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Background: It has remained controversial on whether excessive loadings imposed on the ankle and foot complex during long-distance running have a deleterious effect. The aim of this systematic review is to determine whether long-distance running causes any visible changes of the ankle and foot on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods: Scopus, Web of Science, Embase and Ovid Medline were searched using key terms in relation to MRI findings of the ankle and foot in response to long-distance running, published between 1990 and 2016. The final search was conducted on 19 September, 2016. Studies were identified using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Methodological quality was assessed using a modified Quality Index. Results:The database search initially produced 551 articles and it was screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, finally resulting in four articles. Edema was reported in the talus, tibia, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid and cuneiforms. A significant alteration in signal intensity and/or edema was appeared in the calcaneus at the Achilles insertion point, intraosseous and subcutaneous over long-distance running. The diameter of Achilles tendon was also significantly increased. However, when comparing between race finishers and non-finishers, the plantar aponeurosis and subcutaneous were only significantly different, reporting a high rate of edema in non-finishers. Additionally, one study adopted T2* mapping and found significant alteration in T2* values in tibiotalar cartilage, but the value was unexpectedly decreased in the middle of long-distance running. Conclusion:This is the first systematic review to determine the effect of long-distance running on the ankle and foot using MRI. It shows that long-distance running may cause subtle pathological and biochemical changes in the ankle and foot, including the talus, tibia, the distal and proximal group of tarsal bones, 5 th metatarsals, soft tissues and the Achilles tendons. However, there is no evidence that these changes have clinical relevance. Evaluation of MR

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Regional and Zonal Histo‐Morphological Characteristics of the Lapine Menisci

Killian

Lepinski

Haut

et al. 2010

The Anatomical Record

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The menisci have crucial weight-bearing roles in the knee. Regional variations in structure and cellularity of the meniscus have only been minimally investigated. Therefore, the goal of this study was to illustrate the regional cell density, tissue area, and structure of healthy lapine menisci. Skeletally mature Flemish Giant rabbits were used for this study. Upon sacrifice, menisci were removed, fixed in formalin, and cryosectioned. Histological analysis was performed for the detection of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAG), collagen Types I and II, cellular density, and tissue area. ANOVA and paired t tests were used for testing of statistical significance. Glycosaminoglycan coverage of the medial meniscus significantly varied between regions, with the anterior region demonstrating significantly more GAG coverage than the posterior region. Inter- and intra-meniscal comparisons revealed variations between zones, with trends that outer zones of the medial menisci had less GAG coverage. Collagen Types I and II had marked characteristics and varying degrees of coverage across regions. Tissue area varied between regions for both medial and lateral menisci. Cellular density was dependent on region in the lateral meniscus. This is the first study to illustrate regional and zonal variation in glycosaminoglycan coverage, size, and cellular density for healthy lapine meniscal tissue. This data provides baseline information for future investigations in meniscal injury models in rabbits.

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Recovery of the Menisci and Articular Cartilage of Runners after Cessation of Exercise

Abstract: The articular structures were investigated on a general magnetic resonance imaging level and were found to recover rapidly so that exercise could be continued after a short time without reservation.

Cited by 56 publications

References 26 publications

Loading of the knee during 3.0 T MRI is associated with significantly increased medial meniscus extrusion in mild and moderate osteoarthritis

Loading of the knee during 3.0 T MRI is associated with significantly increased medial meniscus extrusion in mild and moderate osteoarthritis

Evaluation of MR Images of the Ankle and Foot in Response to Long-Distance Running: A Systematic Review

Regional and Zonal Histo‐Morphological Characteristics of the Lapine Menisci

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