Recovery of valuable metal ions from the spent lithium-ion battery using aqueous mixture of mild organic acids as alternative to mineral acids

Nayaka, G.P.; Manjanna, J.; Pai, K. Vasantakumar; Vadavi, Ramesh S.; Keny, S.J.; Tripathi, V. S.

doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2014.11.006

Cited by 215 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This decomposition behavior of the peroxide is further evidenced by the As can be seen from Figure 4, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the leach solution is an initial increase in the recovery of Li, Co, and Ni up to approximately 2% (v/v). The presence of H2O2 in the leach solution is able to facilitate the reduction of the cobalt in lithium cobalt oxide from Co (III) to Co (II), and thus, in turn, it also aids the dissolution of Li from within the same compound [19], as shown in Equation (1): 2LiCoO2 + 3H2SO4 + 3H2O2 → 2CoSO4 + Li2SO4 + 6H2O + 2O2…”

Section: Leaching In Sulfuric Acid With Different Reducing Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the effect of different reducing agents in leaching, for instance, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) [15], sodium thiosulfate (Na 2 S 2 O 3 ) [16], sodium bisulfite (NaHSO 3 ) [17], and some carbohydrates, including D-glucose [18] and ascorbic acid [19], which are added to accelerate the leaching process of metal ions, has been explored. The decomposition i.e., dissolution of LiCoO 2 is a reduction reaction in nature, as opposed to, e.g., metallic copper dissolution, and thus requires the addition of a reduction agent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leaching of Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The recycling of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is becoming increasingly important due to the depletion of natural resources and potential pollution from the spent batteries. In this work, different types of acids (2 M citric (C 6 H 8 O 7 ), 1 M oxalic (C 2 H 2 O 4 ), 2 M sulfuric (H 2 SO 4 ), 4 M hydrochloric (HCl), and 1 M nitric (HNO 3 ) acid)) and reducing agents (hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) and ascorbic acid (C 6 H 8 O 6 )) were selected for investigating the recovery of valuable metals from waste LIBs. The crushed and sieved material contained on average 23% (w/w) cobalt, 3% (w/w) lithium, and 1-5% (w/w) nickel, copper, manganese, aluminum, and iron. Results indicated that mineral acids (4 M HCl and 2 M H 2 SO 4 with 1% (v/v) H 2 O 2 ) produced generally higher yields compared with organic acids, with a nearly complete dissolution of lithium, cobalt, and nickel at 25 • C with a slurry density of 5% (w/v). Further leaching experiments carried out with H 2 SO 4 media and different reducing agents with a slurry density of 10% (w/v) show that nearly all of the cobalt and lithium can be leached out in sulfuric acid (2 M) when using C 6 H 8 O 6 as a reducing agent (10% g/g scraps ) at 80 • C.

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Section: Leaching In Sulfuric Acid With Different Reducing Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching of Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

et al. 2017

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“…Organic acids provide a possible environmentally friendly alternative for the recovery of Co and Li from spent LIBs [9][10][11]. These mild reactants give satisfactory results, but consume large quantities of chemical reagents, thus increasing recycling cost [12,13]. Therefore, if a suitable waste could be employed as the leaching agent for metal recovery, it would greatly reduce recycling costs by utilizing the strategy of waste treatment by waste.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative leaching of cobalt and lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries and simultaneous dechlorination of polyvinyl chloride in subcritical water

Liu

Zhang

2016

Journal of Hazardous Materials

111

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h i g h l i g h t s• A co-treatment process for recovery of Co and Li and simultaneous detoxification of PVC in subcritical water was proposed.• PVC was used as a hydrochloric acid source.• More than 95% Co and nearly 98% Li were leached under the optimum conditions.• Neither corrosive acid nor reducing agent was used.• The co-treatment process has technical, economic and environmental benefits over the traditional recovery processes. a r t i c l e i n f o In this work, an effective and environmentally friendly process for the recovery of cobalt (Co) and lithium (Li) from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and simultaneously detoxification of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in subcritical water was developed. Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ) power from spent LIBs and PVC were co-treated by subcritical water oxidation, in which PVC served as a hydrochloric acid source to promote metal leaching. The dechlorination of PVC and metal leaching was achieved simultaneously under subcritical water oxidation. More than 95% Co and nearly 98% Li were recovered under the optimum conditions: temperature 350• C, PVC/LiCoO 2 ratio 3:1, time 30 min, and a solid/liquid ratio 16:1 (g/L), respectively. Moreover, PVC was completely dechlorinated at temperatures above 350• C without any release of toxic chlorinated organic compounds. Assessment on economical and environmental impacts revealed that the PVC and LiCoO 2 subcritical co-treatment process had significant technical, economic and environmental benefits over the traditional hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy processes. This innovative co-treatment process is efficient, environmentally friendly and adequate for Co and Li recovery from spent LIBs and simultaneous dechlorination of PVC in subcritical water.

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“…O meio ácido normalmente é inorgânico forte (principalmente H 2 SO 4 ), 7,8,17,18 mas ácidos orgânicos vem sendo igualmente testados por suas propriedades complexantes em um meio menos corrosivo. 7,11,16 O redutor é, frequentemente, H 2 O 2 . Outros redutores como sulfitos, ozônio e carboidratos também vêm sendo testados.…”

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Lixiviação Ácida De Baterias Íon-Lítio

Silva¹,

Afonso²,

Mahler³

2018

Quim. Nova

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publicado na web em 22/02/2018 ACIDIC LEACHING OF Li-ION BATTERIES. This paper describes a route for recovering cobalt and lithium from spent Li-ion batteries via acidic leaching. Sulfuric, hydrochloric, hydrofluoric and formic acids were used as leachants. Hydrogen peroxide was added as reductant, except for formic acid since it is itself a reductant. Experiments were run at [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] o C for 1-3 h. Under the best optimal conditions, the leaching efficiency order was HCl ≈ HF > H 2 SO 4 > HCOOH. Over 90 wt.% of cobalt and lithium were leached by the inorganic acids. The insoluble matter corresponds mainly to the carbon from the cathode. Co(II) was extracted with D2EHPA 16 vol.% diluted in n-hexane at pH ~5 (A/O ratio 1/1 vol/vol, one stage, 25 °C). Co(II) striping was possible using a dilute leachant (1-2 mol L -1 HCl or H 2 SO 4 , 4-5 mol L -1 HF or HCOOH). Lithium was isolated from the raffinate by precipitation as carbonate or phosphate.Keywords: lithium-ion battery; metals recovery; solvent extraction; cobalt; lithium. INTRODUÇÃOAs baterias de íon-lítio por apresentarem uma elevada densidade de energia, vida útil longa, massa reduzida, taxa de descarga baixa e menor toxicidade em relação a outros tipos de baterias (níquel-cád-mio, níquel hidreto metálico), são hoje muito utilizadas em telefones celulares, câmeras fotográficas e outros equipamentos eletroeletrônicos (EEE) portáteis.1,2 O desenvolvimento de novas versões tecnológicas desses equipamentos e a maior facilidade de acesso dos mesmos a mais camadas da população levam a uma inevitável elevação da produção e do consumo de EEE e, consequentemente, de suas baterias. Mais de 60% do mercado da energia potátil é hoje preenchido por baterias de íon-lítio.3-6 Suas características o colocam na dianteira do desenvolvimento de veículos híbridos e elétricos. [6][7][8] Essas baterias apresentam em sua composição um ânodo, um cátodo, coletores de corrente, um separador, um eletrólito, um invó-lucro externo e peças de vedação. O ânodo é composto de grafite, lítio, carbono e fluoreto de polivinilideno (PVDF), que fixa os demais componentes ao coletor de corrente, que é uma lâmina de cobre; o eletrólito é tipicamente hexafluorfosfato de lítio (LiPF 6 ) em solvente orgânico, normalmente carbonato de etileno (CE), carbonato de dietila (DEC), carbonato de dimetila (DMC) ou misturas deles. O separador é feito de polipropileno (PP) ou polietileno (PE). O cátodo é feito de carbono (grafita), um óxido misto contendo lítio e cobalto (como o LiCoO 2 , que detém ~40% do mercado 6 ) e PVDF, que fixa os componentes ao coletor de corrente do cátodo, que é uma lâmina de alumínio. Hoje, cerca de 25% do cobalto produzido no mundo se destina à manufatura de baterias.8 A expansão do mercado de EEE portáteis pressiona o preço desse metal nos mercados internacionais. 9,10Além disso, devido a problemas relacionados à disponibilidade de cobalto (as principais fontes primárias se localizam em regiões de forte instabilidade geopolítica...

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Recovery of valuable metal ions from the spent lithium-ion battery using aqueous mixture of mild organic acids as alternative to mineral acids

Cited by 215 publications

References 45 publications

Leaching of Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Leaching of Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Innovative leaching of cobalt and lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries and simultaneous dechlorination of polyvinyl chloride in subcritical water

Lixiviação Ácida De Baterias Íon-Lítio

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