Recovery of (Z)-13-Docosenamide from Industrial Wastewater and Its Application in the Production of Virgin Polypropylene to Improve the Coefficient of Friction in Film Type Applications

Abstract

Additives play an important role in the production of plastic materials through their application, in which the mechanical, thermal, and physical properties of polymers are improved, making them last longer and be more resistant. During the synthesis of polypropylene resins, the remains of additives that are not absorbed by the resin are removed in the purification stage and end up in the wastewater. In this article, the recovery of (Z)-13-docosenamide from the wastewater from the process, its purification, and its application in the process was carried out. For the extraction of the additive, solid phase extraction (SPE) was used, and to guarantee the purity of (Z)-13-docosenamide, techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), thermogravimetric (TG) coupled with a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used. The recovered erucamide was added to the PP between 0.05 and 0.3% w/w. The effects of the properties of the virgin polypropylene with the recovered additive were also evaluated to determine its effectiveness in improving the properties of the material by measuring the coefficient of friction (CoF) as well as the mechanical properties and wettability through atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the contact angle, respectively. It was discovered that using these techniques, it is possible to recover approximately 95% of the additive present in the water while keeping the material’s properties within the desired limits.

Exploring the Impact of Organic Solvent Quality and Unusual Adduct Formation during LC-MS-Based Lipidomic Profiling

“…These amines may act as ion-pairing reagents [ 32 ], which should be avoided in LC-MS analysis. Additionally, m / z 391.284 and m / z 413.266 (high in isopropanol from vendor A) belonged to dioctyl phthalate (C 24 H 38 O 4 , [M+H] + and [M+Na] + ), used as a plasticizer [ 33 ], and m / z 338.341 (high in isopropanol from vendor D) to erucamide (C 22 H 43 NO, [M+H] + ), used as a slip additive [ 34 ]. The m / z 663.453, annotated as tris(2,4-di- tert -butylphenyl)phosphate or Irgafos 168 oxide (C 42 H 63 O 4 P, [M+H] + ) (high in isopropanol from vendor C), is an oxidized form of Irgafos 168, used as a polymer additive [ 35 ].…”

Chemical Exposomics in Human Plasma by Lipid Removal and Large Volume Injection Gas Chromatography High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

“…This latter substance was previously reported in chemical migration tests from polymeric materials to water and simulated foods. 65,66,69,70 This analyte has a high boiling point and very late elution time in our method (26.14 min), and in some methods may suffer from high background interferences. The discovery of this substance, and in general the high nontarget annotation and confirmation rates, are likely due to a combination of compounding factors, including higher sensitivity from LVI and lower matrix interference in the HA-P extracts.…”

Valoration of the Synthetic Antioxidant Tris-(Diterbutyl-Phenol)-Phosphite (Irgafos P-168) from Industrial Wastewater and Application in Polypropylene Matrices to Minimize Its Thermal Degradation

“…PP is one of these polymers. PP has gained great importance in the industry since, thanks to its low density and high strength, it can be heated and cooled without losing any of its characteristics, such as its elevated mechanical and chemical stability [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Polypropylene is also a product of great economic interest since it is versatile in its application in packaging, textiles, household appliances, toys, and medical products, etc.…”

“…Irgafos 168, which may be present in this discharge, is a compound with a chemical structure comprising an organophosphate (see Figure 1 ) attached to three rings of phenols that can be toxic to aquatic organisms and can affect water quality [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. Irgafos P-168 can break down into potentially harmful secondary compounds [ 26 , 43 , 44 , 45 ]. Research on the health impact of Irgafos P-168 is not fully defined; however, the degradation products of Irgafos P-168, such as di-tertbutyl-phenol and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate, are toxic.…”