Recovery Under Load Performance of 2nd Generation HTS Superconducting Fault Current Limiter for Electric Power Transmission Lines

Llambes, Juan Carlos; Hazelton, D.W.; Weber, C.S.

doi:10.1109/tasc.2009.2018519

Cited by 41 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…However, up to several minutes may be required for recovery to the superconducting state [10]. It is assumed that the SFCL should be removed from service during this period; however the possibility of recovery under load (RUL) is being explored [9]. The potential for SFCLs to interfere with the operation of overcurrent and distance protection schemes has been discussed in [2], [7], [8]; this paper will focus on other issues relevant to utilities.…”

Section: Technical Issues With Fault Current Limitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implications of fault current limitation for electrical distribution networks

Blair¹,

Roscoe²,

Booth³

et al. 2010

10th IET International Conference on Developments in Power System Protection (DPSP 2010). Managing the Change

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This paper explores the potential future need for fault current er system, and some of the technical implications of this change. It is estimated that approximately 300-400 distribution substations will require fault current limitation, based on the statistical analysis of the projected (or violation). The analysis uses a UK electrical system scenario that satisfies the 2 emissions by 2050. A case study involving the connection of distributed generation (DG) via a superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) is used to illustrate the potential protection and control issues. In particular, DG fault ride-through, autoreclosure schemes, and transformer inrush current can be problematic for SFCLs that require a recovery period. The potential solutions to these issues are discussed, such as the use of islanding or automation to reduce the fault level.

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Section: Technical Issues With Fault Current Limitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As described earlier, SFCLs may be able to recover under load. The option for RUL will help SFCLs to gain favour with utilities [9], but many system-wide effects must be studied, such as the extent and duration of the voltage drop across the SFCL during recovery.…”

Section: Sfcl Issues For Remote Faultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of fault current limitation for electrical distribution networks

Blair¹,

Roscoe²,

Booth³

et al. 2010

10th IET International Conference on Developments in Power System Protection (DPSP 2010). Managing the Change

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show abstract

“…Series reactors and solid state fault current limiters are also common strategies for reducing the fault levels in existing power grids, although these devices cause a noticeable voltage drop and therefore considerable power losses during the normal operation of the network [4,5]. However, under normal operational conditions of the power network, novel technologies such as superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs), with their unique property of nearly zero electrical resistance, offer the possibility to improve voltage stability, power supply, quality, and overall efficiency of the electric grid without the need for constructing additional substations or adding new infrastructure [6,7,8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The quench state is characterised by a high electrical resistivity, aiming to limit the first peak of the fault current to acceptable operational levels, either by ensuring the automatic recovery of the protection scheme with no disruptions on the supply, or by allowing enough time for the prompt activation of conventional protection systems such as circuit breakers [6]. Commonly, fault events generate voltage sags lasting between 0.5 and 60 cycles, affecting consumers differently according to their location in the electric network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal location and minimum number of superconducting fault current limiters for the protection of power grids

Zhang

Geng

Coombs

2017

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems

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This paper presents a novel method to determine the optimal strategy for the allocation of multiple resistive superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs) aiming to improve the overall protection of standard power grids. The presented approach allows for the straightforward determination of the optimal resistance of the SFCL, accounting for short circuit events occurring at different locations, by modelling the electro-thermal properties of the SFCL via a temperature dependent E-J power law. This material law, based on previous experimental evidence, allows for the introduction of flux pinning, flux creep, and flux flow properties of the superconducting material within a minimum level of complexity. Thereby, we have observed a distinctive kink pattern in the current limiting profiles of the SFCLs, from which no further reduction of the first peak of the fault current is achieved when a greater resistance is considered, allowing a univocal determination of the optimum SFCL resistance. This peculiarity is not observed when the model for the quench properties of the SFCL is simplified towards an exponential resistance, although the last can be used as an auxiliary process for addressing the first guess on the resistance value required for a specific strategy, as it demands less computing time. We have also determined that for many of the cases studied, i.e, for the combinations between one or more SFCLs installed at different locations, and those subjected to fault events located at different points in the network, the recovery time of the superconducting properties of at least one of the SFCLs can last for more than five minutes, constraining the feasibility of a large-scale deployment of this technology. However, by assuming that the practical operation of the SFCL is assisted by the automatic operation of a bypass switch when the SC material is fully quenched, we have determined that the optimal strategy for the overall protection of power grids of standard topology requires a maximum of three SFCLs, with recovery times of less than a few seconds. This information is of remarkable value for power system operators, as it can establish a maximum investment threshold which ultimately can facilitate making decisions regarding the deployment of SFCL technologies.

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“…The first two points are already achievable by most HTS-FCLs, as given in [5] and [6]. However, fast recovery is considered as the most challenging issue for manufacturers as the quenched superconductor has to be disconnected from the system and cooled down to return to its superconducting state.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid HTS-FCL Configuration With Adaptive Voltage Compensation Capability

Alaraifi¹,

Moursi²

2014

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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This paper introduces a new hybrid high-temperature superconducting (HTS) fault current limiter (FCL) for improving the transient response system recovery with minimum utilization of HTS material. The hybrid HTS-FCL comprises a reduced size of HTS material connected in series with multistep braking resistors. The presented hybrid HTS-FCL utilizes the fast quench phenomena of HTS materials to ensure fast current limiting action and the multistep braking resistors to provide an adaptive voltage compensation during voltage dips. This combination of HTS and braking resistors allows the HTS material to recover faster by lowering its operating time, mitigates the issue of slow response in conventional braking resistors, and keeps the system fault level below the maximum limit even during offline recovery of its HTS component. A dynamic model representing the hybrid HTS-FCL is developed in PSCAD/EMTDC using a current-dependent model for the HTS combined with dynamic braking resistors associated with a phase voltage control scheme and an HTS bypass scheme for each phase individually. The proposed configuration is tested in a single-machine-to-infinite-bus test system in response to symmetrical and asymmetrical fault conditions. A comprehensive simulation analysis demonstrated the effective performance of the hybrid HTS-FCL with capability of fast fault current limitation and voltage boosting.Index Terms-Angular stability, dynamic braking resistor hightemperature superconductor, hybrid fault current limiter (FCL), voltage recovery.

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Recovery Under Load Performance of 2nd Generation HTS Superconducting Fault Current Limiter for Electric Power Transmission Lines

Cited by 41 publications

References 5 publications

Implications of fault current limitation for electrical distribution networks

Implications of fault current limitation for electrical distribution networks

Optimal location and minimum number of superconducting fault current limiters for the protection of power grids

Hybrid HTS-FCL Configuration With Adaptive Voltage Compensation Capability

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