Recreating the synthesis of starch granules in yeast

Pfister, Barbara; Sánchez-Ferrer, Antoni; Díaz, Ana; Lu, Kuan-Jen; Otto, Caroline; Holler, Mirko; Shaik, Farooque Razvi; Meier, Florence; Mezzenga, Raffaele; Zeeman, Samuel C.

doi:10.7554/elife.15552

Cited by 30 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…In yeast cells, starch-like synthesis was recreated by introduction of Arabidopsis SSs without plant enzymes related to synthesis of a primer, thus the intrinsic primers of yeast seems to be sufficient for the formation of starch like polyglucans. Furthermore, the experiments again showed that SS4 can be substituted by other SSs, as starch-like polyglucans were observed not exclusively when SS4 was introduced ( Pfister et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameters of Starch Granule Genesis in Chloroplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2018

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Starch is the primary storage carbohydrate in most photosynthetic organisms and allows the accumulation of carbon and energy in form of an insoluble and semi-crystalline particle. In the last decades large progress, especially in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, was made in understanding the structure and metabolism of starch and its conjunction. The process underlying the initiation of starch granules remains obscure, although this is a fundamental process and seems to be strongly regulated, as in Arabidopsis leaves the starch granule number per chloroplast is fixed with 5-7. Several single, double, and triple mutants were reported in the last years that showed massively alterations in the starch granule number per chloroplast and allowed further insights in this important process. This mini review provides an overview of the current knowledge of processes involved in the initiation and formation of starch granules. We discuss the central role of starch synthase 4 and further proteins for starch genesis and affecting metabolic factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameters of Starch Granule Genesis in Chloroplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2018

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“…Starch also has favorable thermoplastic properties and is biodegradable ( Thakur and Thakur, 2016 , Imre and Pukánszky, 2015 , Jiménez et al, 2012 , Zhang et al, 2014 ). Starch is mainly made up of two kinds of glucose macromolecules, amylose and amylopectin ( Pérez and Bertoft, 2010 ), however functional and structural dissimilarities are present between different types ( Carpenter et al, 2017 ), thus the efficiency of starch as a raw material for bioplastics depends upon its specific structure and composition ( Pfister et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of starch based bioplatics using varying plant-based ingredients, plasticizers and natural fillers

Shafqat

Al‐Zaqri

Tahir

et al. 2021

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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With the ever-increasing demand of plastics in the world and their consequent disastrous effects on environment, a suitable environmental-friendly substitute like bioplastics/biodegradable plastics is the need time. This study centers on green-production of a variety of bioplastic samples from (1) banana peel starch (BPP) and (2) a composite of banana peel starch, cornstarch and rice starch (COM) with varying amounts of potato peel powder and wood dust powder as fillers, respectively. Two different plasticizers – Glycerol and Sorbitol – have been utilized separately and in a 1:1 combination. A total of 12 samples of each of two types of bioplastics were made using multiple amounts and combinations of the fillers and plasticizers, to test the differences in the physical and chemical characteristics (moisture content, absorption of water, solubility in water, solubility in alcohol, biodegradation in soil, tensile strength, Young’s modulus and FT-IR) of the produced samples due to their different compositions. The differences in the properties of the bioplastic samples produced make them suitable for usage in many different applications. All 24 of the samples produced were synthesized using natural and environmentally safe raw material and showed biodegradation, thus proving to be a good alternative to the conventional plastics.

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“…The SS1, SS2, and SS3 isoforms are involved primarily in amylopectin synthesis, and Arabidopsis mutants lacking any of these isoforms have altered amylopectin structure (Delvallé et al, 2005;Zhang et al, 2005Zhang et al, , 2008. These SS isoforms act together with branching enzymes and debranching enzymes (ISOAMYLASE), which are required for the formation and correct arrangement of the branch points (Delatte et al, 2005;Dumez et al, 2006;Streb et al, 2008;Pfister et al, 2014Pfister et al, , 2016. The GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS) elongates amylose chains and is tightly associated with the starch granule (Smith et al, 2004;Seung et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Plastidial Coiled-Coil Proteins Are Essential for Normal Starch Granule Initiation in Arabidopsis

et al. 2018

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The mechanism of starch granule initiation in chloroplasts is not fully understood. Here, we aimed to build on our recent discovery that PROTEIN TARGETING TO STARCH (PTST) family members, PTST2 and PTST3, are key players in starch granule initiation, by identifying and characterizing additional proteins involved in the process in chloroplasts. Using immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, we demonstrate that PTST2 interacts with two plastidial coiled-coil proteins. Surprisingly, one of the proteins is the thylakoid-associated MAR BINDING FILAMENT-LIKE PROTEIN1 (MFP1), which was proposed to bind plastid nucleoids. The other protein, MYOSIN-RESEMBLING CHLOROPLAST PROTEIN (MRC), contains long coiled coils and no known domains. Whereas wild-type chloroplasts contained multiple starch granules, only one large granule was observed in most chloroplasts of the and mutants. The double mutant had a higher proportion of chloroplasts containing no visible granule than either single mutant and accumulated ADP-glucose, the substrate for starch synthesis. PTST2 was partially associated with the thylakoid membranes in wild-type plants, and fluorescently tagged PTST2 was located in numerous discrete patches within the chloroplast in which MFP1 was also located. In the mutant, PTST2 was not associated with the thylakoids and formed discrete puncta, suggesting that MFP1 is necessary for normal PTST2 localization. Overall, we reveal that proper granule initiation requires the presence of MFP1 and MRC, and the correct location of PTST2.

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Recreating the synthesis of starch granules in yeast

Cited by 30 publications

References 119 publications

Parameters of Starch Granule Genesis in Chloroplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana

Parameters of Starch Granule Genesis in Chloroplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana

Synthesis and characterization of starch based bioplatics using varying plant-based ingredients, plasticizers and natural fillers

Two Plastidial Coiled-Coil Proteins Are Essential for Normal Starch Granule Initiation in Arabidopsis

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